防疫觀光旅館之室內規劃設計研究

新型冠狀病毒肺炎COVID-19是21世紀相當嚴重的流行傳染病，世界衛生組織表示此疫情已經構成全球大流行，全球有八成國家、世界人口約10%受到感染。政府為了控制國內疫情，對於入境本國人口進行嚴格控管，造成觀光人口大幅度減少，觀光旅館營運績效如斷崖式的驟降。由於新型冠狀病毒肺炎從感染至發病，潛伏期最長至14天，為了減少疫情傳播的風險，具備入境資格的民眾，需居家檢疫或隔離14天，也因此產生了防疫旅館的需求。在這個時期，觀光旅館轉型做防疫旅館為其穩定營運的重要策略。台灣曾在2002年經歷過SARS（Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 嚴重急性呼吸道症候群），期間為了有效遏止疫情蔓延，收容患者的醫院也因此設立負壓隔離病房，透過創造空間中相對正壓、負壓的方式，控制氣流流動的方向，限制病毒待在負壓力區，避免室內病毒向外擴散蔓延。人類不可能比得過病毒，冠狀病毒比冠狀病毒學家更聰明（賴明詔，2020），新冠肺炎病毒從2019年迄今已經跨越三個年度來到了2021年，目前尚未有明確的步緩趨勢，若本次新冠肺炎疫情控制住，也須為了未來突如其來的爆發的未知疫情做好準備，醫院病房可以透過室內設計創造空間正負抑制病毒蔓延，觀光旅館在疫情期間，若轉做防疫旅館，除了遵循觀傳局的「防疫旅館設置及管理」指引外，因為營運管理的改變，室內設計可以改善的項目為本次探討的主題。本研究透過文獻分析針對新型冠狀病病毒肺炎、觀光旅館、旅館設計、防疫旅館做資料上的歸納整理，再透過專家訪談補充資料的完整性及可信度，利用上述資料完成訪談大綱，再利用半結構式訪談對5位專家進行訪談，訪談過程全程錄音，而後做成逐字稿，便於後續使用訪談內容進行歸納分析，從中找到觀光旅館轉型為防疫旅館時，因為營運管理上的調整，室內設計應改善的項目，並且根據是否需要室內裝修行為以及未來新建的旅館做分類。本研究透過立意抽樣方法，選取兩位旅館設計經驗豐富的室內設計師、兩位旅館經營者、一位資深旅館經營顧問進行訪談。研究結果發現，觀光旅館轉型為防疫旅館需改善的重點為消毒殺菌設備規劃、動線獨立性規畫、獨立空調規劃、獨立電梯規劃、抗菌材質應用、弱電系統規劃。

關鍵字

旅館設計；觀光旅館；防疫旅館

並列摘要

COVID-19 has become the largest epidemic of the 21st century as WHO indicated that it had become so widespread that they constituted a pandemic. Confirmed cases have been reported in more than eighty percent of the countries and approximately ten percent of the global population has been infected by the virus. To prevent the domestic outbreak of COVID-19, the government imposed strict border controls on travelers entering Taiwan, which caused the number of tourists to plummet significantly and led to a cliff-like decline in the operating performance of tourist hotels. Since the incubation period of COVID-19 from infections to onset of symptoms can be up to 14 days, people who are eligible for entry are required to stay home and self-quarantine for 14 days to reduce the spread of virus. Therefore, the demand for quarantine hotels rises accordingly. During this critical time, transformation into quarantine hotel is a key strategy for tourist hotel to ensure its stable operation. In 2002, Taiwan experienced a series of SARS （Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome） outbreaks. During this period, designated SARS hospitals set up negative pressure isolation rooms to effectively curb the spread of pandemic. Through creating positive and negative pressure environments to control airflow direction, the virus can be contained in the negative pressure area to prevent the virus from spreading. Human can’t beat coronavirus because this virus is even smarter than epidemiologist （Dr. Michael M.C. Lai, 2020）. It has been three years since the initial outbreak of coronavirus in 2019. So far, we haven’t seen a clear sign of its slowdown. If this pandemic is successfully controlled, we still have to get prepared for the unexpected outbreak of unknown pandemics in the future. Wards in the hospital can be designed to create positive and negative pressure environments to curb the spread of virus. If a tourist hospital is transformed into quarantine hotel during the pandemic, in addition to complying with the guideline for the establishment and management of quarantine hotels published by the Department of Information and Tourism, Taipei City Government, items to be improved in interior design driven by the operational changes become our key focus in this study. This study is to summarize data regarding COVID-19, tourist hotel, hotel design and quarantine hotel through literature review, which is combined with expert interview to enhance its completeness and reliability. Interview outlines are generated based on the above materials. Then, a semi-structured interview with five experts is conducted and recorded while the transcripts are provided for the follow-up analysis of the interview. During the analysis, we identify the items to be improved in interior design driven by the operational change from the process of transformation from tourist hotel to quarantine hotel and we categorize the items based on two criteria, that is, whether it requires interior renovations or not and whether it is a new hotel to be built in the future. Through purposive sampling, the study selects two interior designers with extensive experiences in hotel design, two hotel managers, one senior hotel management consultant to conduct the interview. The study shows that the key items to be improved during the transformation from tourist hotel to quarantine hotel are the planning of disinfection and sterilization equipment, the planning of space, the design of independent air-conditioning and independent elevator, the application of antibacterial material and the layout of light current system.