疫後時代的住宅新思維-「防疫宅」的因應策略

疫情爆發後，改變人們所熟悉的日常，影響擴及至經濟、工作、社交距離與生活習慣，促使人們開始對防疫的重視，為了減少外出移動與接觸，居住空間成為唯一可自由活動的場所。因疫情影響，深切瞭解傳播途徑的重要，居住生活的空間有了更多訴求與關注。開始思考如何降低居住空間的傳染率，達到防護、阻菌與抑菌之防疫宅，且為安全無虞的住所。本論文透過文獻探討、田野調查、測繪紀錄、設計策略與模擬，將室內空間進行預設功能和通風規劃，家庭成員人設模擬在防疫期間，產生空間機轉的可能性。對於室內空間，隔斷出兩個獨立空間和套房配置的規劃，具有隔斷出入和彈性出入之功能，讓平時居家與防疫期間產生動線的分流，互不影響生活起居的運作。而居住的坪數與隔局，是決定防疫宅形成的關鍵。家庭成員的人數、年齡、職業與習慣不同，空間須有即時性的調整。進入居檢期間，室內的通風是阻斷病菌傳播的一種手段，成為全面性的優勢。讓整體性的空間，具有可適應突發變化去調整、彈性運作與具有回復力的應變能力，強化安全的生活與阻隔病菌的環境，達到防疫宅的宜居健康空間。

關鍵字

防疫宅；通風；空間機轉；動線分流

並列摘要

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed various aspects of the daily live, and its effect has extended to economic, work, and everyday activities and necessitated the implementation of social-distance regulations. Such a widespread influence has prompted people to pay growing attention to pandemic prevention. To reduce movement and interaction with others away from home, everyday activities have been primarily limited to their home, where people can move freely without being bound by any COVID-19 restrictions. The pandemic has also increased the public awareness of disease transmission modes, which contribute to the growing requirements and attention to living space design in terms of infection control and antipathogen features for ensuring residential safety. This study conducted a literature review and a field survey, measured and recorded the interior space of a residential property, developed relevant design strategies, and performed design simulation. The simulated interior space was preinstalled with several basic functions and a ventilation design, and a family persona was created to emulate a family living in the property amid the pandemic, thereby exploring possible transformation of spatial mechanisms. The interior space of the property was further divided into two independent spaces and one ensuite bedroom; this design separated the routes for entering and exiting the property but enabled flexible configuration of these routes. Therefore, routes used by residents in the space can be adjusted for routine living or pandemic prevention, separating residents from those who are at risk of contracting the disease. The floor area and layout of the interior space were identified to be key determinants affecting the feasibility of an infection-control home. In such homes, the interior space requires timely adjustment according to the number, age, occupation, and habits of family members living therein. Indoor ventilation is a suitable measure against the spread of pathogens during quarantines and may thus be a decisive advantage for successful infection control. Overall, an infection-control home should provide a livable and healthy space that is flexible, adaptable, resilient, and responsive to changes while ensuring a safe, pathogen-free environment for the residents.