- 學位論文
電信迴路接取之批發管制研究－以英國法為中心
Regulation of Wholesale Local Loop Access in the U.K.
摘要
網際網路對現今社會大眾來說是生活中必須的一環，電信業者於提供網際網路服務時需要透過用戶迴路與最終用戶終端設備連接，尤其對不具基礎設施之新進固網業者而言，基礎設施不但重製不易，也是使市場產生高度進入障礙之原因。我國因既有業者中華電信占有大量的基礎設施，新進業者則必須向其租用設施以提供服務；然，中華電信則可能向新進固網業者要求高額的租用接取費，致使市場未能達有效競爭發展，並可能因而連帶影響到最終用戶之權益。因此，本文以電信迴路接取之批發管制為研究主軸，探討管制機關對迴路租用之管制手段與架構。 本文研究首先介紹國際組織歐洲聯盟於2002年3月制訂新的電子通訊法制架構中的互連指令與接取指令，其中著重於界定電信市場之方法以及對具有顯著市場力量業者之管制；由於英國為其會員國之一，因此該通訊法制架構亦為英國電信法之立法依據。其後探討英國電信主管機關Ofcom對電信接取市場之界定，並針對英國2003年通訊法的法規與相關指導準則作分析，透過英國檢視市場標準、方法與順序進行觀察。再者，以英國電信主管機關所界定出之市場與其中之具顯著市場力量業者為管制對象，探討英國對該業者所課與之價格管制。最後，研究學者Martin Cave所提出之階梯投資理論於電信迴路接取之管制架構，藉由研究階梯投資理論之原則並分析英國市場之迴路管制，以英國經驗與架構以作為本文批發迴路接取管制研究之基本架構。其後，以比較法研究，透過英國之管制架構檢討我國電信管制政策、管制手段與管制成效。 縱使我國電信既有業者中華電信占有相當大比例的基礎設施，且提供迴路接取之方法僅限於全迴路租用，故探討替代的接取方法與管制架構是有其價值的。參考電信自由化先驅英國之管制經驗，提出嘗試改變我國電信批發接取管制手段之架構，促進我國電信迴路市場之競爭。
並列摘要
Internet, which plays a significant role in people life, is a key measure for competition between networker operators. Each operator who wants to provide service needs to access to network facilities, especially for new entrant who hasn’t invest in network facilities and needs to access to infrastructures belonged to incumbent, such as LLU. However, infrastructure is pretty hard to be replicated; it’s also cause the high barrier for entrants to enter to the market. Incumbent in Taiwan, Chunghwa Telecom (CHT), not only has significant market power (SMP), but also owns huge amount of infrastructures that can be regarded as essential input for entrants. CHT may use its dominance and economic strength to interrupt market competition; for example, it might set price high for entrant who wants to access to its facilities. It is for this reason why I decided to choose the regulation of wholesale local loop access to be the issue discussing the framework and manner for regulatory to control local loop access. In the beginning of this research, I introduce the “Electronic Communications Directives Package” published by EU in March 2002. There are five directives in the Package, and the Framework Directive and the Access Directive setting the regulation to operators who have significant market power have much more importance than other directives in this research. UK established 2003 Communication Law in according with those directives, because UK is one of EU member states. Then, I discuss how UK regulator, Ofcom, controls their wholesale local access market and wholesale broadband access market by reviewing Ofcom statements, regulations, guidelines and so on. Besides, this research also discusses the charge control imposed upon operators who was assessed to have SMP. Finally, and also the major issue in this research, I analyze the relationship between the ladder of investment introduced by Martin Cave and local loop access, and what is more, I also discuss the regulation framework in UK local loop access market throughout the ladder of investment. Therefore, by discussing UK regulatory framework and the outcome of regulation, this research can make a suggestion to Taiwan regulatory measure in this issue. For reasons that Taiwan incumbent CHT has most of infrastructures, and that the only way for entrants access to local loop is by full unbundled, it’s proper to review Taiwan regulatory framework to improve telecommunication market competition to be effective.