歐盟網路接取與互連之規範現況與發展

Legal Issue of Network Access and Interconnection in EU

王以國

《科技法律透析》 21卷1期 (2009/01) Pp. 46-62

https://doi.org/10.7062/STLR.200901.0046

摘要

爲因應科技匯流的趨勢發展，歐開於2002年3月7日通過現行的電子通訊管制架構，其中接取指令之制訂，即係在調和各會員國有關網路接取與互連之規範，以促使相關市場達成有效競爭，並確保電子通訊服務之互通及消費者利益。相較於原本互連指令之適用，僅限於傳統的公共交換電話網路，現行接取指令規定之各種接取措施，則可適用於各類電子通訊網路或附屬設備，包括網際網路及廣播電視網路。在架構指令之規定下，國家管制機關應針對執委會建議書所界定之相關產品及服務市場，進行市場檢視，以認定相關市場是否存在有效競爭。當一公共通訊網路之經營者尚不具顯著市場力量時，接取指令原則上僅課予經營者間進行互連協商之義務，除非該經營者可控制終端用戶的接取，或提供數位廣播電視服務之條件接取系統。惟當經營者被認定在特定市場中具有顯著市場力量時，國家管制機關即應適當課予其不對稱管制措施，包括透明化、禁止差別待遇、會計分離、接取及使用特定網路設施，以及價格控制與成本會計等義務。歐盟執委會於2007年11月乃進一步針對現行管制架構提出修正建議，由歐洲議會於2008年9月採納其中部分修正建議通過一讀草案，並針對具顯著市場力量之垂直整合經營者，於課予既有之管制義務後，相關市場仍持續無法達成有效禁止差別待遇之目標，或於合理期間難以期待基礎設施之競爭時，擬新增「功能分離」的管制工具進行矯治。

關鍵字

接取指令 ； 不對稱管制 ； 網路互連 ； 顯著市場力量 ； 條件接取系統 ； 功能分離

並列摘要

To accommodate the tendency towards convergence of technologies, European Union approved the current regulatory framework of electronic communications sector on 7 March 2002. The Access Directive harmonizes the way in which Member States regulate access to, and interconnection of, electronic communications networks and associated facilities, so as to achieve effective competition on relevant markets and to ensure interoperability of electronic communications services and consumer benefits. In the past, only the traditional public switched telephone network was subject to the Interconnection Directive, but the access measures under the Access Directive can apply to any electronic communications network or associated facility, including IP networks and broadcasting networks. In accordance the Framework Directive, national regulatory authorities should undertake a review of relevant product and service markets as defined in Commission's Recommendation to determine whether they are effective competitive. If the operator is simply a public network operator without significant market power, its only obligation under this directive is to negotiate interconnection with other public operator, unless the operators can control access to end-users or provide conditional access system for digital television and radio services. Once an operator is designated as holding significant market power on a specific market, the national regulatory authority has broad discretion to impose asymmetric regulatory obligations as appropriate, including obligations of transparency, non-discrimination, accounting separation, access to and use of specific network facilities, price control and cost accounting. on November 2007, The Commission issued some reform proposals to amend the current regulatory frameworks, the European Parliament adopted some amendments at first reading on September 2008, and EU intended to take the ”functional separation” measure to vertically integrated operator holding significant market power, in situation where there has been persistent failure to achieve the objective of the effective non-discrimination on relevant markets, and where there is little or no prospect of infrastructure competition within a reasonable timeframe after one or more existing obligations under the Access Directive has be imposed.

並列關鍵字

Access Directive ； asymmetric regulation ； network interconnection ； significant market power ； conditional access system ； functional separation

參考文獻