利用氣象資料推估土壤蒸發與地下水補注量之研究

Study on the Using Meteorological Data to Estimation Evaporation of Soil and Groundwater Recharge

羅百辰(Pai-Chen Lo)

指導教授 ： 張德鑫

中原大學/工學院/土木工程研究所/碩士(2013年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201301080

摘要

水文循環過程中土壤入滲與蒸發兩者扮演相當重要角色，尤其在水收支平衡計算上更不可或缺。臺灣受到地理及氣候影響，降雨於時間與空間上分布不均，加上地形變化起伏、河川短促，不易將降雨攔蓄利用，使得大部份雨水都直接奔流入海，使得台灣可利用的水資源更加有限。
　　本研究針對桃園地區之紅土與砂質壤土兩種土樣，以水收支平衡分析之方法，進行不同土壤之降雨入滲、蒸發量、逕流量及地下水補注量推估，並將推估之土壤含水量與現地TDR土壤含水量量測資料比較，以驗證此推估方法之可信。研究中發現在冬季時現地TDR含水量曲線起伏不明顯而推估值的含水量變化則較大，但是當降雨時間經過長期的推估計算最終兩者會趨於吻合，其原因可能是降雨強度的深度不大導致水量未能進入土壤表層所造成的結果。
　　根據2003年至2007年之推估結果顯示，紅土的地下水補注量約為年總降水量之8.15%至9.46%，年逕流量約為年降水量之61.94%至67.73%左右，而砂質壤土的地下水補注量約為15.03%至16.34%，年逕流量約為年降水量之36%至38.33%左右。研就中得知砂質壤土的地下水補注量比紅土補注量多，且推估桃園地區之地下水年補注量與其他文獻推估值大致符合，因此應用本研究之方法於地下水月補注量之推估為可行。

關鍵字

地下水補注 ； 蒸發 ； 入滲

並列摘要

Both soil infiltration volume and evaporation play an important role during the hydrological cycle process, and it is indispensable especially when it comes to water balance calculation. As subjected to geographic and climatic affects, Taiwan is experiencing unevenly distribution of rainfalls in time and space. Coupled with the undulating topography, short and rapid river flows, and difficulty in storing and using the rainfalls have caused most rainwater to flow directly into the sea, causing more limits in using the water resources in Taiwan.
This study aims to conduct estimation on rainfall infiltration in different types of soils, evaporation volume, runoff volume and groundwater recharge volume in common red clay and sandy clay loam found in Taoyuan area. The estimated soil moisture contents were then compared with the measured data of on-site TDR soil water content, and verification was finally made to appraise the reliability. The study discovers that the undulating curve of TDR moisture volume in winter was not great and the variation of estimated value of moisture content was greater. However, when the rain falling time had gone through long period of estimation and calculation, both of them had the tendency to coincide. The reason may be due to insufficient depth of rainfall intensity, resulting in inability for water amount to penetrate the soil surface.
Based on the estimated results conducted in 2003-2007, groundwater recharge volume of red clay accounted for approximately 8.15-9.46% of total annual rainfall volume, and that of annual runoff volume was approximately 61.94-67.73%; whereas, the groundwater recharge volume of sandy clay loam was approximately 15.03-16.34% of total annual rainfall volume, and that of annual runoff volume was approximately 36-38.33%. We also understand that groundwater recharge volume of sandy clay loam is higher than that of red soil recharge volume. Meanwhile, the estimated groundwater recharge volume is generally conformed to the estimated values conducted by other literatures. However, as this study was able to consider different rainfall patterns, it is thus possible to apply the estimation method of this study to perform monthly estimation of recharge volume.

並列關鍵字

infiltration ； evaporation ； groundwater recharge

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