宗教性、寬恕與靈性安適感之關係研究

Study on the Relationship among Religiosity, Forgiveness, and Spiritual Well-Being

林倚帆(Yi-Fan Lin)

指導教授 ： 譚偉象

中原大學/理學院/心理學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900026

摘要

寬恕在歷史、神學、哲學與心理治療文獻中均有其重要性。寬恕是一把解開創傷，使人得到心理癒合的金鑰匙，不僅與正向的心理健康及安適感有顯著相關，亦會受到宗教信念的影響而產生出不同的寬恕方式。宗教內涵會深深牽動個人的生活信念，個人宗教性有助生理、心理及人格內部的統整，與正向的心理構念亦有顯著相關，然而全人健康不應缺少靈性的部份，故本研究企圖探究宗教性、寬恕與靈性安適感三者間的關係。

本研究以立意取樣的方式，針對中方宗教信仰（包括佛教、道教、一貫道及民間信仰）、西方宗教信仰（包括基督教與天主教）與無宗教信仰的20至65歲成人進行研究，共獲得444份有效資料。所使用的研究工具包含「宗教動機量表」、「探索量表」、「宗教態度量表」、「客觀性寬恕量表」及「靈性安適量表」。

研究結果顯示：（1）西方宗教信仰者的內存動機顯著高於中方宗教信仰者，且外鑠動機顯著低於中方宗教信仰者；（2）內存動機能正向預測第三、四層次的寬恕認知，而外鑠動機能正向預測第一、二層次的寬恕認知；（3）宗教性變項與靈性安適感均有顯著相關；（4）無論有、無宗教信仰，寬恕在宗教性及靈性安適感的間接效果不顯著，但宗教性對靈性安適感的直接效果在兩者均達顯著，顯示寬恕並非宗教性與靈性安適感間的中介變項。

本研究發現不同宗教信仰由於其意義系統的建構不同，故對寬恕會帶來不同的影響，且宗教性能直接預測靈性安適感，顯示出宗教信念能驅使人為達成終極目標而努力。然而無論宗教信仰的背景為何，寬恕均會帶來靈性價值與生命意義的整合。

關鍵字

存在安適感 ； 宗教安適感 ； 靈性安適感 ； 寬恕認知層次 ； 寬恕 ； 宗教性 ； 內存動機 ； 宗教 ； 外鑠動機 ； 探索動機

並列摘要

Forgiveness is very important in theology, philosophy, and psychotherapy literature. It is the gold key that unties the wound and heals people psychologically. Forgiveness is not merely related to mental health, but also manifests in different ways according to different religions. Religious contents affect personal life belief deeply, and one’s religiosity helps unite his or her body, psychology, and personality. Religiosity is also related to positive psychological constructs. Nevertheless, holistic wellness should not lack spiritual aspect, so this study attempted to study the relationship among religiosity, forgiveness, and spiritual well-being.

The participants of this study were 20 to 65 year-old adults with Chinese religious beliefs (including Buddhism, Taoism, I-Kuan Tao, and Taiwanese Folklore Belief), Western religious beliefs ( including Protestantism and Catholicism), or atheists selected by using purposive sampling method. There were 444 valid cases. The instruments used in the study included the Intrinsic-Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scales, Quest Scale, Religious Attitude Scale, Objective Scale of Forgiveness, and Spiritual Well-Being Scale.

The results of this study showed that: (1) the intrinsic religion orientation of the people with Western religious beliefs was higher than that of the people with Chinese religious beliefs, while for the extrinsic religion orientation the opposite was true; (2) intrinsic religion orientation positively predicted the third or fourth level of forgiveness cognitions, and extrinsic religion orientation positively predicted the first or second level of forgiveness cognitions; (3) religiosity variables had significant correlations with spiritual well-being; (4) regardless of having religious beliefs or not, forgiveness had no significant indirect effects between religiosity and spiritual well-being, but religiosity possessed significant direct effects on spiritual well-being. Therefore forgiveness was not a mediator between religiosity and spiritual well-being.

This study discovered that different religious beliefs had different ways of forgiveness because of their different meaning systems, and religiosity could predict spiritual well-being directly. This demonstrated that religious faith could drive people to work hard toward the ultimate goal. But no matter what the religious belief was, forgiveness could bring about the integration of spiritual values and the meaning of life.

並列關鍵字

religious well-being ； quest orientation ； cognitive-developmental stages of forgiveness ； forgiveness ； extrinsic orientation ； intrinsic orientation ； religiosity ； religion ； spiritual well-being ； existential well-being

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