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  • 學位論文

計程車作為捷運轉乘運具之短程優惠票價最佳化研究

An Optimal Study of Taxi Flat Fee for Rapid Transit Transfer

指導教授 : 廖祐君
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摘要


近年來計程車的空車率逐年攀升,截至民國97年為止,台北地區計程車空車率已經達到72%,遠超過政府核定計程車票價時所採用的合理空車率35%,而且高空車率代表計程車業者有過半數的時間都呈現無效率的空車繞行狀態,在沒有產值的情況下,卻仍然造成油料的浪費以及空氣污染、噪音污染與交通壅塞等社會成本,因此,本研究希望找出能夠有效發揮計程車高可及性的方案,以避免無謂的資源耗損。台北捷運目前已成為台北地區居民使用率相當高的大眾運輸工具,其具有易行性高之優點,然而可及性低是其缺點,因此仍有許多捷運旅客於出站後仍需採用其他運具進行轉乘,但由於其他轉乘運具有私密性不足、總成本較高或需配合接送時間等問題,計程車之高機動性與高可及性的特性恰可提供捷運可及性的延伸,但根據特性分析發現,大多數捷運旅客其目的地與捷運站間距離分佈具有短程距離的特性,在搭乘距離未及起程距離的情況下,乘客仍需支付計程車之起跳價,因此使得捷運旅客使用計程車作為轉乘運具的意願降低。故本研究透過問卷調查,以計程車空車率最低為目標,透過羅吉特模式,求取捷運旅客選擇各轉乘運具之效用函數,再以最佳化之數學規劃法,求取最適單一優惠轉乘票價。研究結果發現當單一優惠轉乘票價服務的距離設定為400公尺時,捷運旅客與計程車業者所能接受之最適單一優惠轉乘票價為32元,若單一優惠轉乘票價服務的距離設定為800公尺,則最適轉乘票價則可定為50元,同時,計程車空車率降低至50%左右,此外,透過單一優惠轉乘票價的方案的模式分析結果發現,使用捷運作為主要運具的旅客比例可由利用現況所推估出的26.5%提升至37%,提高了民眾使用捷運作為主要運具的意願。

並列摘要


The vacancy rate of the taxi continues to increase in the last few years, up to 72% in year 2008 which far exceeded the reasonable basis of 35% presumably. Such high taxi vacancy rate represents more than half of the time that taxis circulate for passengers with very low revenue productivity, let along the derived social costs including energy waste, air pollution, noise and traffic jam. Therefore, this research is to figure out the scheme to utilize taxis as transfer mode with effectiveness. With its characteristics of easiness to take and convenience to use that Taipei MRT has become the frequently used public transportation system around Taipei area; however, the accessibility is still an issue for most of the MRT passengers using other vehicles to transfer to the destination. With the advantages of privacy, mobility and flexibility, taxis have been an effective transfer mode for MRT passengers, except the inherent drawback of high fares. According to the characteristics analysis that most of the MRT passengers have destinations within short distance from MRT stations, and the nearness is economically unacceptable by taking taxi as transfer mode. This study has established a set of regression equations for taxi drivers’ and MRT passengers’ utility functions of transfer decisions by using data through questionnaire survey. With the lowest taxi vacancy rate and highest MRT passengers as objective functions correspondingly for optimization model, this study has obtained various sets of optimal taxi flat fees for transfer from MRT stations to destination by given discount distances. The results reveal that the optimal flat fee is depending on the discount distance. For the objective functions of lowest vacancy rate, given a discount distance within 400m, the acceptable fare by both passengers and taxi drivers to be charged is NT $32, compared to discount distance shorter then 800m, the fare is NT $50. Based on the two objective functions mentioned previously, the taxi vacancy rate is reduced from 72% to around 50% and 63% accordingly. In addition, the mode share of MRT is subsequently raised to 37% from 26.5% accompanied with such taxi flat fee program.

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


黃俊誠(2012)。共乘計程車轉乘大眾捷運對運具選擇行為影響之研究〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2012.01905

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