利用壓電陶瓷發電之研究

許多研究成果中顯示，利用壓電材料之正電壓效應來發電是頗為適合的替代能源方式，其利用振動現象作為能量來源，透過壓電材料將這些振動能量轉換成有用的電能，為本研究之重點。本文亦探討利用壓電單晶片的發電效率，以及利用電源轉換器將機械能轉換成電能之效率，以及瞭解討論各種儲能電池原理及架構以及優缺點，並分析以壓電材料發電之儲能效益。實驗是利用氣壓設備以固定之頻率施壓於單晶片式壓電材料元件使其變形產生電能。發電及儲能效率均有理論分析及實驗驗證，其結果頗為相似，亦測試在不同振動頻率之發電效果。例如以2.5Hz的操作頻率下施壓於壓電材料元件可產生33.84 mW的能量，其發電效率可達13.5%，而且可將1800mAh NiMH 1.2V電池在30分鐘充滿，達到電容峰值電壓100µF需150秒，470µF需330秒。

關鍵字

能源發電；壓電單晶片；機電轉換效率

並列摘要

A great deal of research has repeatedly demonstrated that piezoelectric energy harvesters by using piezoelectric direct effect hold the promise of providing an alternative power source. Ambient vibrations have been the focus as a source due to the amount of energy available in them. How to harvest the vibration energy and transfer into useful electricity and store into a battery is the primary investigation in this article. Also, efficiency of energy harvesting of a piezoelectric unimorph and mechanical to electrical conversion of a converter is studied. An overview of power storage devices explores the background of rechargeable batteries and capacitors, the advantages and disadvantages of each. Also the effectiveness of piezoelectric energy harvesting for the purpose of battery charging is explored, with particular focus on the current output of piezoelectric harvesters. Pneumatic equipment with fixed frequency is continuously press the piezoelectric unimorph to cause deformation, from which the electricity is generated. Analytical and experimental computation for the efficiency of electromechanical conversion and storage are carried out and shows a good agreement. Also, different vibration frequencies are tested. For an example of 2.5Hz, it can generate 33.84mW and obtain 13.5% electromechanical conversion efficiency, and fully charge a battery of 1800mAh NiMH 1.2V within 30 minutes for 150 and 330 seconds to achieve peak voltage of a 100µF and a 470µF capacitor respectively.

並列關鍵字

energy harvest ； piezoelectric unimorph ； electromechanical conversion efficiency

參考文獻

[1] Umeda, M., Nakamura, K., and Ueha, S. “Energy Storage Characteristics of a Piezogenerator Using Impact Vibration” Japan Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 36, Part 1, No. 5b, May 1997, pp.3146-3151.

[2] Umeda, M., Nakamura, K., Ueha, S. “Analysis of the Transformation of Mechanical Impact Energy to Electric Energy Using Piezoelectric Vibrator” Japan Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 35, Part 1, No. 5b, May 1996, pp.3267-3273.

[3] Amirtharajah, R. and Chandrakasan, A. “Self-powered Low Power Signal Processing” Symposium on VLSI circuits digest of technical papers, 1997, pp.25-26.

[4] Sodano, H., Magliula, E. A., Park, G., and Inman, D. J. “Electric Power Generation using Piezoelectric Devices” 13th International Conference on Adaptive Structure and Technologies, 2002.

[7] Ottman, G. K., Hofmann, H., Bhatt, A. C., and Lesieutre, G. A. “Adaptive Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Circuit for Wireless, Remote Power Supply” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 17, No. 5, September 2002, pp.1-8.

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利用壓電陶瓷發電之研究

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