博物館標識的視認性與識別性之研究

A study of Visibility and Intelligibility of Symbol Sign inside museums

蔡婉君(Wan_Chung Tsai)

指導教授 ： 林昆範

中原大學/設計學院/商業設計學系/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200800457

摘要

現在的視覺環境裡充斥著許多資訊，人們可閱讀資訊的時間減少，所以利用圖形符號輔佐文字。又大眾追求更好的生活品質，開始重視休閒娛樂，因此政府訂定相關政策及興建設施以便本地民眾還有外來遊客利用休閒時間參觀。不僅外在硬體設施具有人潮吸引力及功能性，其內在視覺標識同時具有重要的功用，此時圖像符號可幫助非在地居民獲得基本訊息。而國內的研究也探討到標識造形與意象之間的關係，不過大多集中在大眾交通運輸設施上，至於以博物館這類觀光文化設施為主題的整合性研究極為缺乏。目前為止，雖然台灣各個博物館皆可見標識符號，但圖像的造形仍缺乏視覺規劃，對於使用者來說容易造成誤解及困惑，故本研究聚焦於博物館內部標識的造形之視認性及識別性。
　　本研究透過「文獻探討法」建構標識圖像的發展脈絡，建立標識圖像的表現形式。此外藉由「問卷調查法」探討及分析博物館內部標識之視認性及識別性，以提示未來從事博物館標識設計者一些相關設計原則。
　　研究結果發現全數115個標識，在外觀造形的表現形式以「有框實體綜合」為最多，共計27個；另外標識意涵造形的表現形式以「具像全體」為最多，共計83個。影響標識的視認性不佳原因有：（1）採用較零碎及複雜的線條、（2）主要圖示輪廓不明顯、（3）主要圖像以灰階呈現，與白色背景無法產生明顯對比；造成識別性不佳的原因在於：（1）所使用的圖像元素並未突顯設施的特徵、（2）使用與其他標識相似的圖示、（3）缺少長期的記憶而無法做出正確地解讀、（4）抽象圖像的運用。另外低視認、偏低視認、低識別、偏低識別、中等識別的標識大部是較少見的設施或是只有在博物館才見得到的標識。而高視認、偏高視認、偏高識別及高識別性的標識則屬於在公共場合較容易接觸到的設施為主。
一般大眾認為觀者在接收與判讀視覺圖像的時候，看清楚跟看懂得兩者之間具有緊密的關聯性，不過根據本研究透過的結果顯示，有時候觀者對於看不清楚外在造形的標識，會因其標識使用的圖像部分元素是生活中常見而做出正確的解讀，所以標識的視認性與識別性並沒有特定的相互關係。

關鍵字

識別性 ； 視認性 ； 圖像符號 ； 標識

並列摘要

Today our visual environment filled with a lot of information, and people spend less time to read those.Therefore, graphic symbols to be used to assist text.The public pursuit of a better quality of life, began to recreational.So the Government set policy and the construction of facilities for local people and foreign tourists to visit during their leisure time. Not only external hardware facilities to attract crowds, the inherent visual logo also have an important function.At this time image symbols to help non-local residents can access to basic message. Others reaserch also confer the realationship between the form of symbol icons and the meaning, but mostly concentrated in the public transport facilities, such as to museums and cultural facilities for the tourism theme is the lack of integrated research..So far, though Taiwan's various museums use the visible symbol icons,but the visual images are still a lack of planning form, that easily create misunderstanding and confusion for users.And this study focused on the visibility and intelligibility of symbol sign inside museums.
The methodology of this studyis base on literature reviews, and summaries of the visual image inside museums in order to understand the form of expression.Beside, a survey is made to analyze the visibility and intelligibility of Symbol Sign inside museums through qualitative and quantitative analysis method.
Survey result from 115 symbol sign inside museums shows that the largest apparent expression is in framed_solid_synthetic form, total 27; and the largest meaning expression is in concrete_ entirety form, total 68. As the symbol sign of the poor visibility of the following reasons: (1) Adopt a more fragmented and complex lines、(2) The outline of icons was not obvious、(3) Gray-scale image with white background can not have a clear contrast.
And the poor intelligibility due to the folloeing reasons: (1) by the use of the image elements did not highlight the characteristics of facilities、(2) use the similar icon to represent different meaning、(3) lack of long-term memory and can not make a correct reading、(4) excessive use of abstract images.This study also finds that the icons below the middle visibility and intelligibility level are unfamiliar or be seen in the museums only. Contrariously, the icons above the middle visibility and intelligibility are familiar and belong in the public facilities.
That the general publics think when visitors in the reception and interpretation of visual images, seeing to catch the form and reading the meaning between the two has the absolute relevance.But according to the results of this study show through sometimes people can get correct message from unclear icons.that because they can see some element of the images through their life experience.So there is no absolute correlation between the visibility and intelligibility of symbol icons inside museums.

Key Words: symbol Icon, pictogram, visibility, intelligibility

並列關鍵字

visibility ； symbol Icon ； pictogram ； intelligibility

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