從系統理論與易經觀點探討組織與管理之概念

A Comparison Study of System Concept and Its Implication to Management and Organization - System Theories and I-Ging Perspectives

楊仲英(CHUNG-YING YANG)

指導教授 ： 嚴奇峰

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200900645

摘要

二十一世紀的明顯趨勢就是愈變愈快，而易經正是掌握「變化」的道理，若能將 其變化基本原理以系統化方式表現出來，將有助於諸般工作推展；本研究從系統理論 與易經觀點探討組織與管理之概念，主要研究目的有四：1.探討各種系統理論並找出 基本規律；2.探討易經卦象原理並找出基本規律；3.從上述兩者規律中，歸納出一般化 的觀念；4.在上述目的基礎上，引伸探討組織與管理之概念。本研究為質化探索式研 究，研究方法包含文獻資料分析法、歸納法及演繹法。 本研究首先回顧一般系統理論、控制論與信息學、耗散結構理論、協同學、超循環 理論以及現代複雜理論如突變理論、混沌理論、碎形理論等文獻，並在系統的結構與功 能相關律、信息反饋律、競爭協同律、漲落有序律、優化演化律等五個基本規律的基礎 下，探索易經文獻，本文相對推導出「陰陽對立統一律、卦體錯綜結構律、生成發展次 序律、生剋聯繫規約律、自然系統演化律」等五項規律。 本研究從系統理論與易經兩者對於事物靜態結構面、動態運作面以及演化過程，歸 納出「易經與結構功能相關律、易經與信息反饋律、易經與競爭協同律、易經與漲落有 序律、易經與優化演化律」等一般化的觀念後，並進一步做出對於組織與管理意涵之初 探，其中在組織意涵方面，探討「西漢易卦五爵位階層與組織間的關係、太極陰陽漲落 與組織生命週期、京房八宮六十四卦與組織變革、先／後天六十四卦與組織演化」等面 向，其次在管理意涵方面，探討「太極、陰陽、五行、八卦、六十四卦、易傳」所蘊含 之管理思維，是為本研究主要的貢獻。 有鑑於在研究過程中認識到伏羲（先天）六十四卦排列組合與數學二進位編碼原則 相同、太極圓圖與正弦波同構、易經具有預測功能、易經以自然規律檢驗現實社會之類 推思維等，本研究對後續研究建議有三：1.朝向數學及模式化發展；2.建立易經系統科 學觀念；3.進一步深化本次研究成果；期盼能夠將易經智慧普遍推廣社會各個階層，乃 至於國際間。

關鍵字

系統理論、易經、伏羲（先天）六十四卦、文王（後天）六十四卦、組織與管理

並列摘要

Faster and radical change is the obvious trend in the 21st century. For the most
important part of I-Ging is “change”. Let I-Ging’s basic rule be expressed by
systematization, then, it would be helpful for all kinds of affairs. This paper discusses the
conceptions from system theories and I-Ging perspectives, and explores their implications
to organization and management. The main purposes are as follows: 1. to discuss system
theories and find theirs basic rules; 2. to discuss I-Ging’s trigram principle and find their
basic rules; 3. to sum up a general conception from foregoing rules; 4. to extend the
conception of organization and management.This paper is an exploratory qualitative
research. Three research methods were used: the document analysis method, the inductive
method and the deductive method.
The researcher reviews some literatures like General System Theory, Cybernetics,
Information Science, Dissipative Structure Theory, Synergetics, Hypercycle Theory, and
modernistic complexity theory: Catastrophe Theory, Chaos Theory, Fractal Theory, and so
on. Based on the Rule of structural-functional relationship, Rule of information feedbacks,
Rule of competitive collaborations, Rule of ordered fluctuations, Rule of advancing
evolution, this study explores literatures of I-Ging and then infer five rules: “Rule of unified
controversies, Rule of trigram’s multifarious structure, Rule of procedure in growth and
development, Rule of reinforcing/balancing causal connections, Rule of natural system’s
evolution.”
This paper concludes some general conceptions form System Theories and I-Ging, and
discusses organizational and managerial meanings in extension. In the part of organizational
meanings, this paper discusses the relation among “Xi-Han-Yi-Gua-Wu-Jue-Wei and
Organization,” “Tai-Ji-Yin-Yang-Zhang-Luo and Organizational Life Cycle,”
“Jing-Fang-Ba-Gong-Liu-Shi-Si-Gua and Organizational Change,” and
“Xian/Hou-Tian-Liu-Shi-Si-Gua and Organizational evolution,” and so on. On the other
hand, this study also discusses managerial meanings from “Tai-Ji, Yin-Yang, Wu-Xing,
Ba-Gua, Liu-Shi-Si-Gua, and Yi-Chuan.”
Due to the rules discovered in this paper, there are three suggestions for future
research: 1. to explore mathematical research and modeling; 2. to set up a conception in
system science of I-Ging; 3. to extend this paper’s contributions in organizational and
managerial studies in-depth. This paper looks forward to take I-Ging’s intelligence across
all society, and furthermore promotes it throughout the world.

並列關鍵字

I-Ging ； System Theories ； Fu-Xi（Xian-Tian）-Liu-Shi-Si-Gua ； Organizational and Managemen. ； Wen-Wang（Hou-Tian）-Liu-Shi-Si-Gua

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