臺南大天后宮與開元寺之歷史場域研究

本論文主要討論明鄭時期至日治初期，臺南大天后宮及開元寺兩處建築群之建築形制、場域功能的形成及演變、場域間的互動與交流等，為主要研究對象，並對場域中長久以來可能存在的成見、誤解甚至虛偽的虛構史實進行辯證。本研究除蒐集研究場域之各式史料進行交叉比對外，並以可利用之研究方法，擴大納入本論文的討論範圍，實踐以跨領域複式場域研究的方式，進行觀察兩場域曾經緊密互動的歷史歷程。本論文共分為六章，第一章為緒論；第二章提出設定本論文的討論原則，並介紹為何以複式歷史場域研究作為討論的理由；第三、四章為大天后宮與開元寺的建築形制及場域功能的探討，依肇建的時間順序，分別考證了建物名稱、場域空間的使用功能、變動配置與重新設計建物空間功能等議題；第五章以考證人在場域間的流動歷程，並以對應兩地建築群在歷史上的興修紀錄，印證兩場域人與事在歷史中曾經緊密互動、互助及交流情況；第六章為結論並提出後續建議。本論文以複式場域研究方式，所進行之研究發現及主要結果整理如下： 1.經考證後發現，寧靖王府邸並非為大明正朔的奉安之處；主建築群南側應未曾建有宗人府建物，其北側建物亦無監軍府功能；本建物曾經淪為施厝衙與皇帝殿傳說均為訛傳；以大天后宮官廳，考證傳統建築中已消失之官廳空間的功能性及儀式性作用；證實了大天后宮正殿原位於第二進，並非為現今之第三進，亦推論了正殿位置向後推移至現在第三進的設計原因及理由。 2.考證鄭經在開元寺現址建造之建築名稱，發現目前流通之名稱如承天府行臺、洲仔尾園亭、鄭氏舊宅、鄭氏別館、鄭氏北園、北園別館、致徹園等，均為後人所添加命名，與鄭經本人並無直接關聯；考證開元寺建築群伽藍配置的古今異同點，並在整理《重修臺郡各建築圖說》過程中，發現多更早期的臺灣建築樣貌；最後重新整理了歷史中開元寺較為具體的寺產紀錄，以供後續相關研究參考之用。 3.現今大天后宮與開元寺兩場域已完全無任何交流行為，本研究以兩地駐錫僧侶之傳世史料，與兩場域建築群之重興、重修、重建、新建等片段史料進行相互比對，並發現了兩處場域之住持僧侶，曾在過去的歷史中緊密互動、互助及交流的關係，以及兩場域之住持僧傳承法燈，曾經法脈同源的歷史歷程。

關鍵字

大天后宮；開元寺；複式場域研究；建築形制；場域功能

並列摘要

The key points of this thesis research are the architectural characteristics, formation and transformation of the field functions, interaction and connection among the fields in the buildings of Great Matzu Temple and Kai Yuan Temple in Tainan from the Ming-Zheng era to the early phase of Japanese Showa era. This research also brings the long term possible existence of prejudice and misunderstanding or even hypocritical and fictional history into a dialectical analysis. This thesis performs cross validation on the collected data with the various studies on historical information. Besides, by using available research methods, this research expands and brings this data into discussion, practices a cross-domain multiple fields analysis, fulfills the investigation of the close interaction history on these two fields. There are six chapters in this thesis : Chapter 1 provides an introduction. Chapter 2 presents the discussion principle of this research and introduces the reason why this thesis uses multiple historical fields for discussion. In chapter 3 and 4, there are discussions on the architectural characteristics, and field functions of the Great Matsu Temple and Kai Yuan Temple. This research chronologically investigates on building name, field spatial functions, change configuration and redesign of building spatial functions. In chapter 5, by investigating the floating process of people among fields and record of revival of buildings, this research shows evidence of a history of close interaction, mutual help and communication between people and events between two fields. Chapter 6 contents conclusions and provides suggestion for future researches. This thesis research uses multiple field investigation as methodology. The study’s findings and main results are as follows: 1. After investigation we have found that the mansion of King Ning Jing was not the place to keep royal calendar of Ming Dynasty, the south of the main buildings should not have any property belonged to the Zong Ren Fu, the north of the main buildings did not have Jian Jun Fu. It was reported that these buildings were Shi Cuo Ya and Huang Di Dian (the palace of emperor) which was actually an erroneously report. This research also shows that the Great Matsu Temple Guan Ting has no spatial and ritual functions for Guan Ting. This provides evidence that the main hall of the Great Matsu Temple located at the third entry was originally the second entry. This research also infers possible reason for the main hall to move from the second to the third entry. 2. After investigation on the names of the property built by Zheng Jing located at the present Kai Yuan temple, we have found that the present popular names such as Cheng Tian Fu Xing Tai, the Garden of Zhou Zai Wei, the Old House of the Zheng Family, the Villa of the Zheng Family, the North Garden of the Zheng Family, the Villa of the North Garden, Zhi Che Yuan etc., were added and named by later generation, the building has no direct relation with Zheng Jing. This research investigates the similarities and differences on floor plans of the past and present buildings of Kai Yuan temple. In the process of organizing “Reconstruction and Repair of Buildings in Taiwan Prefecture” finds even more variety of building appearances in early Taiwanese architecture. Ultimately, this thesis research comb through available data and reorganizes a more complete record about early monastic properties of Kai Yuan temple for future related researches. 3. In the present, there is no interaction between fields of the Great Matsu Temple and Kai Yuan Temple. This research compares the present record of Sangha resident history and the partial historical data of revival, reconstruction, renovation and rebuild of the buildings in these two fields. The result shows that the Sangha in these two fields had close relationship, interaction and collaboration and had followed the same lineage at one time.