福建惠安地區石厝民居之研究—以1950年~2000年為例

惠安石匠無論是在石雕領域還是石厝建築，在全球範圍內都極具盛名。其石技藝的傳播之遠，技藝之精湛，遠勝於其他使用石材作為建築材料的地區。惠安從新石器時代就有用石材作為工具使用。惠安人把石頭做為工具使用到建築材料、石材工藝品。用石做為基礎而發展起惠安的經濟。惠安當代石厝建築民居，在承接了惠安傳統建築的同時，又結合各類文化，形成許多不同的建築樣式。現代以來有許多的學者對閩南地區、惠安地區的傳統建築都做了許多研究，但對於惠安地區的石厝民居的研究卻鳳毛麟角。隨著惠安地區整體退出石材開採，石厝民居失去了最基本的石材來源。2014年泉州石頭房改造進入實施階段，惠安地區石厝建築面臨著不建反拆的命運。對於惠安地區的石厝民居研究迫在眉睫。本文的研究對象以惠安地區的石厝民居為主，結合泉州台商投資區的洛陽古鎮石厝建築、梅嶺村石厝建築、泉州市晉江的金井湖厝村，三個村落的石厝建築群，透過文獻分析、田野調查和匠師訪談。從石匠、石材、石厝三個方面入手，對惠安當代石厝建築進行系統性的梳理。首先，對惠安地區石匠的發展進行分析，敘述石匠的產生和傳承、技藝精進，同時描述石匠的工具。其次分析惠安地區的石材產業體系發展對於石厝民居的影響。最後以實地調查和匠師訪談為依據，記錄石厝建築樣式、施工工序、砌築技法，探討惠安當代石厝建築的智慧之所在。

關鍵字

惠安地區、石厝、民居

並列摘要

Hui'an stonemason is very famous all over the world whether in the field of stone carving or stone house construction. The dissemination and exquisiteness of its stone skills are far better than other areas that use stone as building materials. Hui'an has used stone as a tool since the Neolithic Age. Hui'an people use stones as tools for building materials and stone crafts. Use stone as a foundation to develop Hui'an's economy. Hui'an contemporary stone house architecture houses, while inheriting the traditional Hui'an architecture, it also combines various cultures to form many different architectural styles. Since modern times, many scholars have done a lot of research on the traditional buildings in southern Fujian and Hui'an, but the research on the stone house dwellings in the Hui'an area is rare. With the overall withdrawal of stone mining in the Hui'an area, Shicuo dwellings have lost their most basic source of stone. In 2014, the renovation of the stone house in Quanzhou entered the implementation stage, and the stone house in Hui'an area was facing the fate of not being built but demolition. The research on Shicuo dwellings in Hui'an area is imminent. The research object of this article is mainly the Shicuo dwellings in the Hui'an area, combined with the Shicuo buildings in Luoyang Ancient Town in Quanzhou Taiwanese Investment Zone, the stonecuo buildings in Meiling Village, the Jinjinghucuo Village in Jinjiang, Quanzhou, and the stonecuo buildings in the three villages. , Through literature analysis, field research and interviews with craftsmen. Starting from the three aspects of masonry, stone and stone house, it systematically combs the contemporary stone house architecture in Hui'an. First, it analyzes the development of masons in Hui'an area, narrates the generation and inheritance of masons, and their skills, and describes the tools of masons. Secondly, it analyzes the impact of the development of the stone industry system in Hui'an area on Shicuo dwellings. Finally, based on field investigations and interviews with artisans, record the architectural styles, construction procedures, and masonry techniques of the stone house, and explore the wisdom of contemporary stone house buildings in Hui'an.