漢越詞與現代漢語之對比分析

越南是一個有豐富文化的國家，2018年越南人數大約九千五百多萬人口，包含五十四個少數民族，且各族皆有各自使用的語言。而綜觀所有越南人共同使用的語言就是越南語，也叫做現代越南語。近幾年來越南經濟越來越發展，很多中國人來越南投資，所以在越南學習華語的需求大增。研究者在經過多年學習華語與教華語的經驗中，對華語教學特別有興趣，尤其是詞彙方面，所以有了從詞彙開始研究對比分析的想法。華語與越南語雖然屬不同語系，但是越南語詞彙中卻有大量的漢越詞。本研究這次針對台灣華語8000詞詞彙的進階級詞彙跟越南語的詞彙來對比分析，研究發現，在進階級的有664個詞彙裡只有554個詞彙是漢越詞，這些漢越詞分成七個類型，每個類型都有不同的詞類與用法。其中，佔最多數的還是漢越概同，這部分詞彙的漢越詞還存留在現代越南語，從詞義到詞素都沒變。剩下的六種類型，雖然數量不多，但是它們的存在卻讓越南詞彙越來越豐富。本研究是第一次把台灣華語8000詞詞彙來跟越南語的漢越詞詞彙對比分析，尚有未盡完善之處，希望以後有機會進行更深入的對比分析研究，使其研究更趨完整，未來並能進一步發展運用在華語教學上。

關鍵字

漢越詞；漢語；對比；分析

並列摘要

Vietnam is a country rich in culture. In 2018, Vietnam had a population of more than 95 million and contained 54 ethnic minorities, each of which had its local language. The official language of Vietnam is called Vietnamese, also known as modern Vietnamese. In recent years, Vietnam’s economy has grown rapidly, and many Chinese have come to Vietnam to invest, so the demand for learning Chinese in Vietnam has increased dramatically. Researchers have been particularly interested in Chinese language teaching after years of learning and teaching Chinese, especially in terms of vocabulary, so they came up with the idea of using Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary to teach Vietnamese students. Although Chinese and Vietnamese are different languages, there are a large number of Chinese words in Vietnamese vocabulary. This study is a comparative analysis of the vocabulary from the 8,000 vocabulary list. This study is based on 664 words of Taiwan Hanyue Proficient Level 3 Test, of which 554 words are in Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary. The 554 words Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary are divided into seven categories. This study will analyze the word list base on each word’s corresponding category and usage. The main category contains the largest group of words that still retain the same meaning and usage in the Sino-Vietnamese and Vietnamese vocabulary. The remaining six categories, although not many, they serve important roles in this study also. This comparative study is the first time to compare the vocabulary of 8000 words from the Taiwan Hanyue Proficient Test to Vietnamese vocabulary. This study is only focused on the Level 3 word list. I hope I will have the opportunity to do a complete analysis of the 8000 words in the future. Hence, I can further develop and apply Chinese teaching to Vietnamese students.