不同植栽種類與樹下空間對等待意願之影響

Effects of Varieties of Trees and the Space Under A Tree on the Waiting of A Stay

莊逸嘉(Yi-Chia Chuang)

指導教授 ： 謝明燁

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700068

摘要

摘要
國內許多探討空間及環境心理的研究中，因時間、空間、費用等等的限制因素，因此採用「電腦模擬影像」的方式進行實驗，即便「電腦模擬影像」具有高度擬真效果，但因為依舊屬於平面影像，在視角、空間感受等等的各方面與「真實場景」有明顯的不同，並且可能會有受測者因為平面影像視角而被暗示的疑慮，因此本研究實驗一採用「縮尺模型」與「真實場景」兩種方式進行問卷實驗，探討戶外開放空間之等待行為，同時比較兩種方式的差異程度。綜合整體數據而論，雖然「縮尺模型」較難模擬「真實場景」的材質及光影，但也具有「電腦模擬影像」所缺乏的視角及空間感受，因此「縮尺模型」代替「真實場景」具有一定的可信度。
本實驗將樹種以樹形進行分類，進而挑選出對應樹形之常見八種樹種；場景設定部分，材質、色調等因子不列入實驗考量，僅將尺度、受測者性別、空間型式列為實驗因子。將八種樹種、大小兩種尺度、三種空間類型搭配組合，共四十八種樹下空間類型，並製作成為縮尺模型進行問卷實驗。研究分析結果顯示：
一、 牆角（封閉）空間型式之停留意願最高，牆面（半封閉）次之，開放之空間型式則最低；而牆角（封閉）空間型式遠高於牆面（半封閉）及開放，牆面（半封閉）空間型式略高於開放之空間型式；明顯呈現出邊界效應。
二、 意願度集群分析並個別比較樹下緣高度、樹下緣寬度、樹下緣寬/高比例得出以下結論：意願度-低之樹下緣高度平均數為2.06m、樹下緣寬度平均數為4.57m樹下緣寬/高比例為2.2；意願度-高之樹下緣高度平均數為2.65m、樹下緣寬度平均數為7.19m樹下緣寬/高比例為2.85。以停留意願度為依據，進行分類後發現若以樹寬為基準，樹形與樹高互相衝突，由此可知，受測者以樹下空間為主要感知，樹形及樹高對受測者則較無直接影響。
三、 透過停留意願數據分析比較後可得知，空間型式對停留意願影響最為顯著。在分析過程中發現樹高與樹形互相衝突矛盾，但因實驗結果顯示尺度對停留意願具有一定程度的影響度，因此可將尺度分為樹種尺度與樹下尺度，其中樹下尺度具有一定影響度；而樹高之樹種尺度則對停留意願影響度較低或無影響度。停留意願最高之傘形樹形，同時包括停留意願最高與最低之樹種，由此可知樹形對停留意願影響度較低或無影響度。綜合以上所述，各因子對停留意願影響度排序為：空間型式＞尺度（樹下尺度）＞樹形。
關鍵字：縮尺模型、樹、開放空間、停留行為

關鍵字

縮尺模型 ； 樹 ； 開放空間 ； 停留行為

並列摘要

Abstract
Due to the restrictions of time, space, and cost, many domestic researches on space and environment psychology have adopted "computer generated simulation images" to conduct experiments, even though "computer generated simulation images" have high simulation effect. However, as such imagesarestill plane images, its angle of view, spatial perception, and other aspects aresignificantly different from those of an "realscene”. Moreover, it issuspected that the subjects might receive ahintfrom the plane image. Therefore, the experiment of this study adoptsboth "scale model" and "real scene" to conduct a questionnaire survey in order to probe into the behavior of staying outdoors and open spaces, and compares the difference between the two methods. After summarizing and analyzing the data, this study finds that though it is more difficult for a "scale model" to simulate the materials and shadows of "real scene", the "scale model" still has the angle of view and spatial perception, which a "computer generated simulation image" does not have. Hence, there is a certain degree of credibility for the "scale model" to replace a "real scene".
This experiment classifiestree species according to their shapes in order to select eight common tree species corresponding to their shapes, while other various factors, such as scene setting, material, and color, arenot included. This study only considersscale, gender of the subject, and spatial form as the experimental factors, and mixes and matcheseight tree species, according to the two scales ofbig and small, and eight spatial types to form a total of 48 spatial types under the trees. Scale models are constructedfor the questionnaire, and the results show that:
四、 The willingness to stay at the spatial type of a corner of a wall is the highest, followed by a wall (semi-closed), and the open spatial type. The willingness to stay at the spatial type of a corner of a wall (closed) is much higher than that of a wall (semi-closed) or the open spatial type, while that of a wall (semi-closed) is slightly higher than that of the open spatial type, which demonstrates an obvious border effect.
五、 Analysis of the willingness of groups, comparisonsofthe lower edge height of a tree, the width of the lower edge of a tree, and the width/height ratio of the lower edge of a tree reachesthe following conclusions: Regarding low willingness, the average height of the lower edge of a tree is 2.06m, the average width is 4.57m, and the width/height ratio is2.2m. Regardinghigh willingness, the average height of the lower edge of a tree is 2.65m, the average width is 7.19m, and the width/height ratio is2.85m. Based on willingness to stay and after classification, this study finds that, if the width of a tree is considered as a benchmark, the shape and height of a tree are in conflict with each other. It can be seen that the subjects mainly perceive the space under a tree, while the shape and height of the tree have no direct influence on them.
六、 Through analysis and comparison of data regarding willingness to stay, we can know that spatial type has the most significant influence on willingness to stay. Analysis finds that the height and shape of a tree are contradictory. However, as the results show that scale has a certain degree of influence on willingness to stay, the scale can be classified into the scale of a tree species and the scale under a tree. The latter has some influence, while the former has low or no influence on willingness to stay. Tree species in the shape of an umbrella has both the highest and the lowest willingness to stay, which shows that the shape of a tree has low or no influence on willingness to stay. To sum up, the order of influence of each factor on willingness to stay is: Spatial type ＞ scale (under a tree) ＞ tree shape.
Keywords: scale model, tree, open space, stay behavior

並列關鍵字

scale model ； tree ； open space ； stay behavior

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