- 學位論文
從知識整合觀點探討新產品開發團隊互動模式 —以A公司為例
Interaction Models of New Product Development Team from Knowledge Integration Perspectives -A Case Study of Company A
摘要
於知識經濟的時代，企業以知識管理來增加組織效率並帶動創新，新產品研發過程正是組織知識的核心來源，而影響新產品開發成功的關鍵因素中，知識的整合扮演了非常重要的角色。在新產品的開發過程中，從構想、篩選、原型測試到上市，無一不是各個知識工作者的知識集合，知識及技術專業或複雜度較高，須透過解釋、引導、協調、溝通與合作，方可解決問題和做出決策，即為藉由團隊互動來達成知識整合之運作。本研究擬在知識整合觀點下，探討於不同新產品開發階段中，可採取何種新產品開發團隊之互動模式去幫助推動新產品開發。與過去文獻較為不同的是，本研究認為新產品開發團隊各成員在新產品開發過程中，可有效地透過團隊互動模式來整合團隊成員的專業技術和知識，發揮最大綜效，以貢獻於新產品開發上。而這也是過去研究較少探討之領域。因此，本研究試圖彌補此缺口，探討新產品開發階段、成員知識內涵，互動模式，及團隊知識整合之間的關係。 透過文獻探討與個案分析，以新產品開發團隊作為個案分析單位，鎖定於中小企業體系中具有較完整的新產品開發流程和新產品開發團隊之A公司為研究對象。主要將知識以知識應用方式進行分類，主要分為「技術知識」與「市場知識」；團隊互動模式發展出六組互動模式，分別為「藝術家與法官」、「探險家與法官」、「戰士與法官」、「藝術家與探險家」、「藝術家與戰士」、「探險家與戰士」之互動模式；知識整合則依程度上區別分為四類，分為「改良式」、「探索式」、「適應性」、「創造性」之知識整合。旨在探討在這三個新產品開發階段中，成員之知識內涵可以透過特定互動模式達到團隊知識整合。採用參與觀察法的紀錄結果進行資料蒐集彙整與分析，歸納出本研究的命題如下：(1)在創意開發與概念發展階段下，技術知識可透過藝術家與戰士及的互動模式來發展探索式知識整合；技術知識可透過藝術家與法官的互動模式來發展改良式知識整合；市場知識可透過探險家組合(探險家與藝術家、探險家與法官)互動模式來發展創造性知識整合。(2)在篩選與商業分析階段下，市場知識可透過探險家與法官的互動模式來發展創造性知識整合。(3)在原型開發與產品測試階段下，技術知識可透過戰士與藝術家的互動模式來發展探索式知識整合；技術知識可透過戰士與法官的互動模式來發展適應性知識整合；技術知識可透過藝術家與法官的互動模式來發展改良式知識整合。
並列摘要
In the era of knowledge economy the enterprises enhance the efficiency of organization and inspire innovation by knowledge management. New product development process is just the main source of organizing knowledge and the knowledge integration is one of the key factors which contribute to the success of new product development. From inspiring, selecting, sample testing to launching, every stage in the new product development integrates all of knowledge which comes from each knowledge worker who works for the companies. We have to solve the problems and make strategic decision through the interpretation, guide, coordination, communication and cooperation while facing some issues with highly complication or professional knowledge, which means knowledge integration can be operated by team interaction. This study is based on knowledge integration perspectives to discuss what kind of interaction models of new product development team can help bring the new product development. Compare to the previous studies and researches, this study assumes that each member of new product development team can integrate the professional techniques and knowledge from other team members efficiently, which can obviously contribute to new product development, yet this is just the field which is hardly discussed in previous studies and researches. Therefore, this study attempts to replenish this breach to discuss the relationship among knowledge of team members, interaction models and knowledge integration of team while developing a new product. By exploring the researches and studying cases we take the new product development team as an instance to do case study. A company is the object of study, which is running with more complete process of new product development and development team. We classify knowledge according to knowledge application which could be “Technique knowledge” and “Market knowledge”; team interaction models develop 6 kinds of interaction models, including “artist and judge”, ”explorer and judge”, “warrior and judge”, “artist and explorer”, “artist and warrior”, “explorer and warrior”. The type of knowledge integration can be categorized by level, which includes “improvement”, “exploration”, ” adjustability” and “creativity”. In the following three stages of new product development, the knowledge from team members can be integrated by specific interaction models. By consolidating and analyzing the result of participation and observation we can conclude the subjects of this study below: (1) In the stage of ideas inspiring and concept developing, technique knowledge can develop explored knowledge integration through interaction model of artist and warrior; technique knowledge can develop improved knowledge integration through interaction model of artist and judge; market knowledge can develop created knowledge integration through interaction model of explorer combination (explorer and artist, explorer and judge). (2) In the stage of selecting and business analyzing, market knowledge can develop created knowledge integration though interaction model of explorer and judge. (3) In the stage of sample developing and product testing, technique knowledge can develop explored knowledge integration though interaction model of warrior and artist; technique knowledge can develop adjustability knowledge integration through interaction model of warrior and judge; technique knowledge can develop improved knowledge integration through interaction model of artist and judge.