人際目標與適應指標之關係 ：衝突處理策略之中介效果

人際目標(interpersonal goal)對於人際關係的經營與維繫具有關鍵的影響力。 Crocker 與她的研究團隊從動機系統的概念中，發展出兩種人際目標，分別是關愛目標和自我形象目標。過去的研究發現高關愛目標的人更容易關注他人，將他人需求視為與自己的需求一樣重要，也更願意給予他人較多支持和關愛。而高自我形象目標的人則相對以自我為中心，關注自我需求，較少給予他人支持，與他人互動通常是為了達成個人目的和獲得資源。相關研究也指出，自我形象目標與幸福感、知覺回應、自尊等呈負向相關，而關愛目標則呈現相反趨勢，與適應指標具有正向相關。然而過去研究在探討人際目標時，多關注在中性或正向的人際互動脈絡，例如一般室友互動或是伴侶的特質等，從中探討互動中提供對方的支持和回應性，但較少將人際目標的概念放入人際衝突的脈絡下思考。事實上，衝突本是人際關係的經營維繫上無可避免的課題。個體如何因應衝突，當然對其個人的心理與關係適應都有顯著的關聯性。因此，本研究從人際衝突的角度切入，探討不同人際目標者是否需有不同的衝突處理策略，進而預測其身心適應指標。具體而言，本研究將進行兩個實驗，即從友誼關係檢驗人際目標對適應指標的預測效果是否藉由衝突處理策略作為中介機制。關鍵字：關愛目標、自我形象目標、衝突處理策略

關鍵字

關愛目標；自我形象目標；衝突處理策略

並列摘要

Interpersonal goal plays a critical role in managing and maintaining the interpersonal relationship. Crocker argues that, based on the social motivation concept, people develop two interpersonal goals. They are the compassionate goal and self-image goal. Previous studies have shown that people with a high degree of compassionate goals tend to care about others more, they notice others’ needs as important as their own, and they are also more willing to provide support and care for others. However, in contrast, people that are self-centered and with a high degree of self-image tend to focus on their own needs and give less support. It has been noticed that they are also more likely to interact with others to attain their own goals and resources. In addition, researchers concluded the negative correlation between self-image and well-being, perceived responsiveness as well as self-esteem; whereas, compassionate goals showed a positive correlation with psychological adaptation. Nevertheless, in the past, researches on interpersonal goals placed a large emphasis on the contact of neutral or positive interpersonal interaction, for example, general roommate interaction or partner’s personality traits. The past discussion also focused on how support and response are provided to others where less emphasis on the interpersonal goals in the interpersonal conflict context are considered. However, managing conflicts is an inevitable issue in interpersonal relationships. How to cope with conflicts certainly is important between psychological adaptation and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, this study argues that, with respect to interpersonal conflicts, different interpersonal goals conduct a different conflict resolution, which affects psychological adaptation. An experiment in this study also examined whether the psychological adaptation among the Interpersonal goals of friends could serve as a mediator mechanism to resolve interpersonal conflicts. Keywords: compassionate goals, self-image goals, conflict resolution