微型伺服馬達電路之設計

Micro Servo Motor Circuit Design

羅國榮(Kuo-Jung Lo)

指導教授 ： 鍾文耀

中原大學/工學院/電子工程研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700716

摘要

直流馬達(direct current, DC motor)可以說是最早發明能將電力轉換為機械功率的電動機，它可追溯到Michael Faraday所發明的碟型馬達。法拉第(Faraday)的原始設計其後經由迅速的改良，到了1880年代已成為主要的電力機械能轉換裝置，但之後由於交流電的發展，而發明了感應馬達與同步馬達，直流馬達的重要性亦隨之降低。直到約1960年，由於SCR的發明、磁鐵材料、碳刷、絕緣材料的改良，以及變速控制的需求日益增加，再加上工業自動化的發展，直流馬達驅動系統再次得到了發展的契機，到了1980年直流伺服驅動系統成為自動化工業與精密加工的關鍵技術。
微型伺服馬達最常使用在遙控模型、機器手臂等用途上，由於伺服系統本身具有閉迴路與半閉迴路兩種方式，因此在功能上也有所不同，而在本文中所使用的為半閉迴路方式，能夠有效讓微型伺服馬達在每一次訊號歸於零點後才開始動作，使脈波訊號不會因連續信號而產生訊號誤差，或是產生搖擺過往或不足的現象發生。
本文是從元件的結構著手，分析雙極性電晶體npn與pnp的差異性，並且針對不同雙極性電晶體做元件的佈局，元件的特性參數量測與分析，使建立每一個元件的參數模型，利用不同雙極性電晶體將所模擬之針對微型伺服馬達電路做改善，並且分析能帶隙電路之電阻對溫度之影響做分析與比較，並使用新的能帶隙電路取代原有電路，並且針對微型伺服馬達驅動電路做模擬分析，使微型伺服馬達轉向正確。

關鍵字

元件模型 ； 模型參數萃取 ； 元件製程 ； 能帶隙參考電路 ； 伺服馬達電路 ； 溫度係數

並列摘要

The direct current motor is to invent the motor changing the
electricity into the mechanical power first, It can trace back to the disc
type motor that Michael Faraday invent. Already became main electric
mechanical energy and changed the device after reaching 1880
year .Development because of the alternating current later, and has
invented the reaction motor and synchronous motor, the importance of
the direct current motor is also the reducing.Until 1960, invention
because of SCR, improvement of magnet material, carbon brush,
insulating material, and the demand for changing speed and controlling
increases, add the development of the industrial automation, space
that the direct current motor urges the system to be developed again,
servo direct current urges the system and becomes key technology of
automatic chemical industry and accurate processing by 1980 year.
The micro servo motor is used on such uses as the telecontrolled
model, robotic arm,etc,The servo system itself closes two ways
of the return circuit and half-closed return circuit, so different to some
extent as for the function, This is paper using in the article is
half-closed return circuit way, can let the micro servo motor just begin
movements after the signal each time belong to the zero point
effectively, made the pulse signal not produce the error of the
signal because of continuous signal, either produced and waved
the passing or insufficient phenomenon and took place.
The paper sets about from the structure of the device, analyse
the difference between bipolar npn and pnp, and design device
layout difference component to the bipolar, device characteristic
parameter measure and analysis, setting up the parameter model
of every device, utilize difference bipolar to improve the micro
servo motor circuit, analysis and compare the bandgap circuit
on temperature of resistance to effect analysis and compare, use the new
bandgap circuit and be able to replace original circuit, and urge
the circuit to make simulation analysis to the micro servo motor,
make the micro servo motor change direction correctly.

並列關鍵字

device manufacture ； model parameter extract ； device model ； servo motor circuit ； bandgap circuit ； temperature coefficient

參考文獻

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