探討失能高齡者對照顧住宅之需求

A Study on the Requirements for Care House of the Disabled Elderly

李姍倪(Shan-Ni Li)

指導教授 ： 陳政雄

中原大學/設計學院/建築學系/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700719

摘要

2006年底，我國的高齡者已達總人口數的10%。經建會的中推計，將於2018年邁入高齡社會。又依據行政院主計處的統計指出，1997年到2000年間，65歲以上的身心障礙者明顯增加了5%以上；可見隨著老年人口的增加，對於照顧服務的需求也會跟著增加。這些進住服務住宅的高齡者，隨著年紀的增加也將面臨身心狀況逐漸衰退的現象。如何滿足這些失能高齡者的照顧環境需求，將是一個值得探討的議題，也是本研究的目的。
本研究以文獻分析法藉以了解失能高齡者與照顧服務員之相關理論，了解何謂照顧住宅，參考日本與美國照顧住宅定義。藉由實地參訪日本照顧住宅，了解日本在2000年實施長期照護保險制度後，高齡者的照顧方式已逐漸轉型為小規模多功能、個人化的服務模式，改善軟體與硬體來因應高齡者身心狀況逐漸衰退的現象。
本研究以某高齡者住宅之失能高齡者、照顧服務員及管理階層人員為調查對象，以非結構性訪談、觀察法等研究方法，了解進住於服務住宅的高齡者，面對身心狀況逐漸衰退時，經營者如何修正目前的軟體服務與硬體設施，以滿足失能後的照顧需求。研究得到以下結論：

一、失能高齡者在身心狀況改變後，為延續日常生活能力，轉而依賴照顧服務員；在與照顧服務員相處中，失能高齡者會依據自己與照顧服務員的相處關係、照顧情境與生活期待，重新調整失能後的生活適應方式。

二、在高齡者的居住安排中，失能高齡者屬於障礙期的身心狀況；依據本研究結論顯示，服務住宅內的失能高齡者轉介於臥床期期間，最佳的居住安排為「照顧住宅」延長住宅。

三、本研究之照顧服務員定義為正式體系服務，與失能高齡者構成正式的契約關係；我國照顧服務員大多為外籍照顧服務員，都須兼任家務的工作，加上語言隔閡與缺乏照顧訓練的原因，影響照顧品質。

四、失能高齡者不願意接受護理之家，缺乏失能高齡者之復健空間，因照顧服務員進住而改變房間內配置及硬體設備等原因，服務住宅之經營者應就照顧需求，增加服務之軟體及硬體的照顧環境。

關鍵字

失能高齡者 ； 照顧服務員 ； 照顧住宅

並列摘要

The end of 2006, elders of our country person has already reached 10% of total numbers of people.Council for Economic Planning and Development, Coming of Aged Society on 2018. Point out Directorate-General of Budget according t and Statistics,Executive Yuan from 1997 to 2000, the physical and psychological obstacle person over 65 obviously increased by more than 5%; It is obvious that will follow to increase too in looking after the demand served with the increase of old population. These disabled elder who lives in serve house, as the increase of the age will face the phenomenon that the physical and psychological state declines gradually too. How meet these mistake can environmental demand of treatment of disabled elderly, it will be a topic that is worth probing into, it is a purpose of this research too.
Research this Disabled Elderly and and Life Support Adviser、Personnel of management understand to use with document analytic approach, understand what is meant by to Care House, consult Japan and U.S.A. and Care House to define. By joining and visiting Japan and looking after the house on the spot, understand Japan is after looking after the system of the insurance for a long time 2000, treatment way of Disabled Elderly make the transition for small-scale multi-functional, individualized method of service gradually already, improve software and hardware is it answer Disabled Elderly physical and psychological phenomenon that state declines gradually to come.
It is with some is at the venerable age of in research for mistake of houses can Disabled Elderly, look after by waiter and layers of management personnel as respondent, with non- structural interview, observe such research approaches as the law,etc., understand and enter at the advanced age to serve the house person, while declining gradually in the face of the physical and psychological state, how the operator revises the present software to serve with hardware facilities, treatment demand in order to can meet losing. Study and get the following conclusion:
First, Disabled Elderly after the physical and psychological state changes, in order to extend daily viability, then rely on looking after a waiter; In with look after waiter in getting along, Disabled Elderly will waiter get along and concern, treatment situation and life are looked forward to according to between oneself and treatment, the life after can lose to revitalizing meets the way.
Second, in to live in arranging Disabled Elderly, is it can belong to physical and psychological state, obstacle of one Disabled Elderly to lose; Show according to this research conclusion can serve mistake of house Disabled Elderly, in is it is it is it get lie in bed one to lie between to rotate to wait, ' look after house ' in order to extend one's stay on house, for Disabled Elderlyperson best living and arranging.
Third, research this definition, Life Support Adviser for formal system, with is it can form formal agreement relation Disabled Elderly; It is mostly the foreign treatment adviser that our country looks after advisers, must all hold the work of house work concurrently, in addition, language barrier influences the quality of looking after with lacking and looking after the reason trained.
Fourth, can lose unwilling to accept family that attend to Disabled Elderly, is it lose can Disabled Elderly reply and is good for the space to lack, change disposing and hardware equipment in the room because of looking after a waiter to enter; The operator who serves the house should just look after the demand, increase the treatment environments of the software and hardware helped.

並列關鍵字

Disabled Elderly ； Life Support Adviser ； Care House

參考文獻

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