灌溉圳路生態化改善之研究-以卓蘭圳幹線為例

Study on the ecological improvement of the irrigation canal - case study for Jhonlan main canal

李俊儒(Chun-Ju Li)

指導教授 ： 邱金火

中原大學/工學院/土木工程學系/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200700738

摘要

本研究在不破壞原有結構物之下，進行石樑工水工試驗，探討石樑工最佳的配置模式。在台中農田水利會卓蘭主圳進行生態改善圳路之水理、底質、水質及生物等現地調查，印證石樑工及前人堆石U型化和生態孔洞改善等水工試驗之結果。石樑工水工試驗研究結果顯示，兩座石樑間距以16倍堆石直徑（16D）為宜，上游段石樑工以三角形向上延伸45度排列方式(45°)，可得較小之渠流能量損失和改善淤砂情況；8D 45°可獲得最大歧異度之流速分佈，為流況多樣性較佳之石樑工配置；16D 30°可獲得最大的生態棲地面積百分比。現地試驗結果顯示，估算每座改良式石樑工之渠流能量損失率為6.769 %，此結果與水工試驗值10.182 %相近。堆石U型化單位長度渠流能量損失率為0.211 % ~ 0.213%，與前人水工試驗值0.592%相近。現場水質檢測值在農業用水可接受水質範圍內。生物調查於施工後記錄到極樂吻虎蝦1種。本研究成果有助於農水路生態化之改善，並提供相關農政單位工程規劃與設計之參考。

關鍵字

生態性參數 ； 農水路 ； 石樑工 ； 生態工法

並列摘要

Under the condition of without destroying the existing canal structure, this research carried on the hydraulic experiments of stone-beam works to study their best arrangements. The site investigations of hydraulic parameters, channel-bottom constituent, water quality and biology for the ecology-improved-canal were taken at the Jhonlan main canal of the Taichung Irrigation Association. These observations were used to verify the experimental results of the stone-beam works, U-type sections and ecological holes. The experimental results of the stone-beam works showed that: (1) it is good that the spacing between two stone-beams is 16 times of the stone diameter; (2) the stone-beam works at the upstream have less energy losses and sediment for 45° extension upstream-wards triangular arrangement; (3) 8D 45° arrangement can be the largest distribution of the flow diversity and better arrangement of the stone-beam works; (4) 16D 30° arrangement has the biggest percentage of habitat environment area. The results of field test showed that the observed energy loss rate in channel flow for every stone-beam works is about 6.769 %. This value closed to 10.182 % of the hydraulic experiment. The estimated energy loss rate per unit length of channel flow from U-type sections is 0.211 % ~ 0.213%, This value closed to 0.592% obtained by the previous researcher. The investigated value of water quality can be accepted in the level of the agricultural water quality. In the investigation of fishes, shrimps, and crabs, only one kind of fish as the Rhinogobius giurinus was caught after the engineering works have been improved. These research results are helpful to the improvement of ecology in the irrigation canals and can be used as the reference for planning and designing to the relative agricultural organization of the government.

並列關鍵字

Ecological engineering method ； Stone-beam works ； Ecological index ； Irrigation canal

參考文獻

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