馬祖鐵板聚落互動式社區營造經驗之研究

A case-study on Interactive community planning in Tieban Village,Matsu

吳昱漳(Yu-Jang Wu)

指導教授 ： 喻肇青

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201000678

摘要

在台灣的城鄉發展的經驗中，永續議題一直未能確實落實。同時，政府的思維傾向於大尺度的都市發展或大面積的農地再生，並未著眼於現存城鄉社區與聚落，轉向永續發展的途徑。

研究者在專業的學習過程中，從大一至研究所皆有不同的機會進入馬祖的聚落。尤其與南竿的鐵板村關係甚為密切。從92年一鄉一新房的參與式設計工作訪到教育部創意學養的教學活動，最後參與國科會綠色城鄉永續聚落，皆從鐵板村的自然環境、人文條件學習非常多，並且與社區組織互動學習。因此本論文便從團隊參與社區實務與互動的過程與成果，和如何在社區營造的同時帶入永續議題，透過觀察記錄與討論未來發展的可行性。本研究案內容主要分為以下四個部份進行：

一、 在文獻探討部份，研究者先整理關於生態聚落的理念，同時針對過去以鐵板為議題的論文做相關回顧，進而找出本文與其他論文的不同處。
二、 參與式教學的過程：研究者在研究的過程中，曾經參與「一鄉一新房」與「創意教學養成」計畫案，並且執行「綠色城鄉、永續社區」的實驗計畫，以此三個案例作說明，記錄筆者在過程中所曾經參與的地方社造運動。
三、 以「聚落居民的體驗」、「社區發展協會的努力」與「師生團隊的學習」三個角度來檢討之前所參與的三項活動，從「發現問題」、「參與的過程與成長」、「實際行動」和「反省成長」四個方面來回顧過程中所遭遇的問題與成長。在居民的部份以參與式規劃案對他們的影響作回應，在社區發展協會的部份則以過程所帶來的相對效應做檢討，最後針對課程操作的影響看師生團隊的學習。
四、 針對居民、社區協會、地方團隊與政府在參與活動過程中，對聚落的基本需求與期望，與在互動模式上的方法做整理。並根據觀察經驗與分析結果，歸納出屬於鐵板模式的社造經驗，作為後續研究鐵板社造運動的研究基礎。

關鍵字

社區參與 ； 參與式教學 ； 自立型社區

並列摘要

In Taiwan the issues of sustainability have not actually applied to the implementation of urban and rural development. In the same time, the government still prefers large-scale urban development or large-area farmland regeneration and not yet turns the way of making the cities, towns and communities sustainable.

In the learning journey the researcher obtained various opportunities to participate in the Matsu Island community development activities from the first grade in college to the master program, and especially, had an affinity with Tieban village. From “One village, One New House” in 2003, the participatory design workshop, to the “Creative Teaching” activity of Ministry of Education, and later on joined to the “Green Town and Sustainable Village” research project supported by National Science Council during 2006-2009, the researcher has learned tremendously from Tieban in terms of natural environment, the living culture and the interaction with community organizations. Therefore, the intent of this study is to analyze the interaction of community process and to understand how the community focused on the issues of sustainability; meanwhile, through observation and discussion, the feasibility of future development is also discussed. The study is divided into four parts:

1. In the literature review, the ideas about eco-village introduced briefly and the accumulated theses on the subject about Tieban are reviewed to differentiate the viewpoint of this study among the other theses.
2. The teaching and learning in the process of participatory design studies are recorded and discussed including “One village, One New House” workshop, “Creative Teaching” activity of Ministry of Education, and the “Green Town and Sustainable Village” research project.
3. Taking the positions of “villagers” “community organizations” and “teaching and learning groups” to review all activities and analyze them in four aspects of “problem revealing”, “participatory process”, “practical actions” and “reflections”. And the effect of participatory projects on residents, the opposite influences on community organizations through the process, and the team learning of teaching activities are also discussed.
4. Finally, the basic demand and expectations for the village and the interaction with the residents in the process are analyzed, and according to the experiences of participatory observation, the patterns of community development are concluded for the future development of Tieban.

並列關鍵字

Self-sufficient Community ； Community Participation ； Participatory Teaching

參考文獻

周德成 2005《「編織一個認同的網」─情境模擬的參與式設計．馬祖鐵板》中原建築研究所碩士論文

行政院 2005《台灣健康社區六星計畫》

畢恆達2001，《空間就是權力》，台北市: 心靈工坊文化事業股份有限公司

吳振廷 2005《以參與式設計反省當前的台灣建築設計教育－教育部「創意學養計畫」鐵板經驗之研究》中原建築研究所碩士論文

許雅雯 2000《打造綠色家園：以環境教育推動生態策略的社區營造─中寮鄉災後社區重建個案 》中原建築研究所碩士論文