我國老人住居安養模式之可行性探討－以共居模式為例

The Research of Housing and Nursing Scheme for Taiwanese Senior Citizen – A Case Study of Cohousing Type

陳倩如(Chien-Ju Chen)

指導教授 ： 陳其澎

中原大學/設計學院/室內設計研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700305

摘要

依據行政院經建會所作人口推估，台灣將於2018年正式進入「高齡社會」，2026年成為「超高齡社會」，隨著高齡人口的增長，高齡者居住與照護的需求勢將跟著增加。政府對於高齡者住宅部分近幾年並未提出相關積極的措施，對於高齡者居住之問題，仍需由家庭或高齡者自行解決。而現代人希望享有更高的自主權利，更自由的生活，傳統三代同堂已不再是首選，奉養雙親之觀念也日漸式微。未來高齡者在高齡與少子化的雙重影響下該如何因應，才能保有健康的身體、舒適的生活、平安而快樂的心靈？爰此，本研究收集德國、芬蘭、美國、日本等國攸關高齡者之共居相關資料，以文獻分析法進行探討。得知，共居之發展是以互助共享為基礎，為創新之生活模式也是一種住宅型式，具有節能減碳、減少生活開銷等優點，為未來建築設計規劃、政府住宅政策之方向。此生活模式讓高齡者保持獨立自主的生活能力與體力、與社會保持聯結、擁有社會溝通能力，繼而擁有健康的長壽，而非失能臥床的長壽。共居其多樣化的發展不論是人數、年齡層、目的等都無制式規定，可以有不同的組合與選擇，讓高齡者可依其條件、需求去選自己所要、所適合的生活模式與場所。本研究將共居分為：高齡者之間的共居、高齡者與年輕人的共居、跨代混齡共居，以及閒置空間改裝為共居住宅等，研究其優點與操作方式，探討在國內推行之可行性與應注意事項，希冀國內也能成立共居媒合平台，建立高齡者共居住宅，提供對於機構式安養院無法接受、中高價位的養生村無法負擔、不想獨居的高齡者，另一安養住居選項，讓高齡者能擁有低生活成本、高生活品質之晚年生活，同時也為政府社會住宅不足提供替代解決方案。

關鍵字

居住形態 ； 共居模式 ； 閒置空間再利用 ； 高齡者

並列摘要

According to the estimation by Executive Yuan Economic Development Committee, Taiwan will become a “Senior Society” in 2018, and by 2026, a “Super Senior Society”. Following the growth of senior population, there is an increased demand for senior housing and welfare. In recent years, our government has not actively made effort to address these needs. Fami-ly members and seniors are largely on their own to resolve these issues. Today, citizens desire high degree of self-reliance and freedom in daily living. The traditional model of three-generations-living-in-one-household is not their first and the practice of children car-ing for their aging parents is fading. Now the older generation is living longer but the younger generation is having fewer children. These naturally presents the issues of how to make seniors physically healthy and able to live comfortably, and to enjoy peace and happi-ness mentally. Therefore, this research aims to gather senior group housing information from Germany, Finland, USA, and Japan, countries with aging populations, as the basis for study and analysis. It turned out that the development of group housing is based on mutual help and sharing（companion-ship）. Senior group housing created new life styles and housing models that have the advantages of reduced carbon footprint and decreased cost of living. It can be a guidance for future housing designs and government planning for housing development. It is hoped that the new life styles will enable seniors to maintain good phys-ical and mental health, to be independent and self-reliance, to be able to be part of larger so-ciety. Seniors want to live a healthy long life, but not to live a life bed-ridden and without mental and physical capability. There are multiple factors in group living including, but not limited to, the number and ages of the groups and their purposes. Different combinations of these factors will allow seniors to have choices based on their needs to select a living style and housing unit. This research evaluated group living among seniors, seniors with younger people, and multi-generational group living, and remodeling of spare space into senior housing units. This study also evaluated the advantages of these models and the suitability to be a plate-form for senior group living planning in Taiwan. Such senior group living facilities will allow alternative choices of lower cost and higher quality units for sen-iors, who do not want to live in institutional senior housing facility, cannot afford mid-range and high-end retirement living facility, and do not want to live alone. These are also poten-tial solutions for the housing shortage faced by our society and government.

並列關鍵字

Living Pattern ； Share House ； Reuse of Vacant Space ； The Aged

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