使用差動差分電流傳輸器之萬用二階濾波器設計

Design of Universal Biquad Filters employing Differential Difference Current Conveyors

邱偉元(Wei-Yuan Chiu)

指導教授 ： 洪君維

中原大學/工學院/電子工程研究所/博士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201100461

摘要

在同一個線路中能同時得到越多種不同功能的濾波訊號，越可增加線路的實用性並降低成本；傳統上KHN biquad可在同一個線路中同時得到高通、帶通及低通訊號，因此長期持續受到廣大的注意與研究。然而，KHN biquad僅可在同一個線路中同時得到高通、帶通及低通三種濾波訊號，為了得到更多種不同功能的濾波訊號，Universal biquad的設計概念因此被提出。

Universal biquad是一個可在同一個線路中同時得到高通、帶通、低通、帶拒及全通五種濾波器訊號的二階濾波器電路，因其實用性較KHN biquad高，近年來也受到相當的注意與研究。然而，在這些Universal biquad 電路的研究中，皆可發現其元件的使用數量非最精簡且在合成全通濾波訊號時需要使用到阻抗匹配的條件等缺點。

使用差動差分電流傳輸器(DDCC)當作主動元件來設計類比濾波器電路可使所設計出的電路具有較寬的頻寬範圍、較大之動態範圍及較簡單的電路等優點。

有鑑於此，本論文使用DDCC，針對以電壓模式的Universal biquad濾波器做了廣泛的研究與設計，並合成設計出共28種不同架構的一輸入五輸出Universal biquad。這些新型的Universal biquad電路中皆具有高輸入阻抗、使用接地電容器、使用最少被動元件及合成各式濾波器訊號不需使用到阻抗匹配條件等的優點。

在使用H-SPICE模擬軟體並搭配TSMC 0.18μm, level 49 CMOS 製程參數的驗證下，本論文所提出的電路皆得到了符合理論值的模擬結果。

關鍵字

主動濾波器 ； 萬用二階濾波器 ； 電壓模式 ； 電流傳輸器

並列摘要

To obtain various filter functions simultaneously in the same circuit topology will increase the usefulness and reduce the cost of the circuit. Traditionally, the KHN biquad can obtain the high-pass, band-pass and low-pass signals in the same circuit topology. So KHN biquads have received much attention and the scholars have researched on this topic for a long time. However, the KHN biquad can only obtain the high-pass, band-pass and low-pass signals. In order to gain more filter signals, the concept of universal biquad is presented.

The universal biquad is a biquadratic filter which can obtain the high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, notch and all-pass signals simultaneously, in the same circuit topology. From the viewpoint of the practicability, the universal biquad is better than the KHN biquad. For this reason, many universal biquad circuits are proposed in the recent years. However, these circuits are not the most simplified and require critical component matching conditions to realize the all-pass signals.

Recently, the Differential Difference Current Conveyor (DDCC) as active elements received great attention due to higher signal bandwidth, wider dynamic range, greater linearity, lower power consumption, and simpler circuitry over the voltage-mode op-amps.

For above reasons, this thesis focuses on the design of the voltage-mode universal biquad filters; twenty-eight new circuits are presented in chapter 4. The proposed universal circuits have the following features: high input impedance, using grounded capacitors, using the minimum passive components and realization of all the standard filter functions, that is, high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, notch, and all-pass filters simultaneously without component matching conditions.

To verify the theoretical analysis, these proposed circuits were simulated using HSPICE with TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.) 0.18μm, level 49 CMOS technology process parameters. All simulation results are coherent with the theoretical analyses.

並列關鍵字

Universal biquad ； Active filter ； Current conveyor ； Voltage-mode

參考文獻

[1] W. Kerwin, L. Huelsman and R. W. Newcomb, State variable synthesis for insensitive integrated circuit transfer function, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2, 87–92, 1967.

[2] W. Y. Chiu and J. W. Horng, High-input and low-output impedance voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using DDCCs, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part II: Express Briefs, 54, 649–652, 2007

[3] J. W. Horng, High-input impedance voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using three plus-type CCIIs, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, 48, 996–997, 2001

[4] J. W. Horng, High input impedance voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter with three inputs using DDCCs, Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, 27, 553–562, 2008

[5] J. W. Horng, W. Y. Chiu and H. Y. Wei, Voltage-mode highpass, bandpass and lowpass filters using two DDCCs, International Journal of Electronics, 91, 461–464, 2004