太陽能電池分佈式最大功率點追蹤之設計與製作

本文主旨在研發一套太陽能電池之分佈式最大功率追蹤器。當日照強度發生改變時，此追蹤器可追蹤至太陽能電池之最大功率點，並且在太陽能電池呈現部分被遮蔽情況下，亦可使太陽能電池輸出最大功率。本論文提出一套應用於太陽能電池的專用集成電路控制轉換器，使其在任何工作環境下均可獲得最大功率輸出。由於太陽能電池的輸出特性隨著工作環境的照度及溫度變化，為獲得最大功率輸出，本專用集成電路控制轉換器乃採用改良式擾動觀察法來設計。首先製作一個昇壓轉換器，於輸入工作週期加入一小擾動量，藉由回授太陽能電池的輸出電壓及電流，用以計算比較其前後取樣時間輸出功率的變化行為，做為最大輸出功率調整方向的性能指標，以改變轉換器之輸入阻抗，使轉換器的工作週期往最大功率輸出方向調整，達到最大功率追蹤的目的，配合適切的周邊硬體來建構上述所提出的方法，以期達到最大功率輸出的追蹤，文中並以實作之硬體驗證所提出之理論。

關鍵字

工作週期；擾動觀察；分佈式最大功率追蹤；最大功率追蹤；昇壓轉換器

並列摘要

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a distributed maximum power tracker for a solar cell. The tracker can coordinate the maximum power point of the solar cell as following illumination condition changing. This thesis proposes a method to obtain maximum output power at all operating condition for the an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) based converter for photovoltaic (PV) system .This controller adopts perturbation and observation method to obtain the maximum power tracking of the PV. Firstly, the output duty cycle of the converter is added a prescribed small disturbance. Then the output voltage and current of the PV are measured and used to calculate the output power. By comparing the output powers among successive sampling intervals, it can determine the tendency of the output power variation, and use the parameter as a performance index adjusting the duty cycle of the converter to achieve maximum power point tracking. An hardware scheme with software algorithm is implemented established to fulfill the design for maximum power tracking .and experimental data are collected to validate the proposed scheme.

並列關鍵字

Distributed maximum power point tracker ； duty cycle. ； boost converter ； perturb & observe ； maximum power point tracker

參考文獻

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【3】 T. Esram and P.L.Chapman, “Comparison of Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques, ”IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. ,vol. 22,no . 2,pp .439-449, June 2007.

【4】 C. Hua and J. R. Lin, “DSP-based Controller Application in Battery Storage of Photovoltaic System, ”in Proc. IEEE IECON 22nd Int. Conf. Ind. Electron. ,Contr. Instrum. ,pp. 1705-1710,1996.

【5】 E. Koutroulis, K. Kalaitzakis, and N. C. Voulgaris, “Development of a Microcontroller-Based Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Control System,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 16, No. 1, January 2001, pp. 46-54.

【6】 K. H. Hussein, I. Muta, T. Hoshino, and M. Osakada, “Maximum Photovoltaic Power Tracking: an Algorithm for Rapidly Changing Atmospheric Condition,” IEE Proc.-Gener. Transm. Distrib, Vol. 142, No. 1, January 1995, pp. 59-64.

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太陽能電池分佈式最大功率點追蹤之設計與製作

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