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  • 學位論文

毒性化學物質資訊申報及民眾資訊取得之法制研究

A legal Study on The Reports of Toxic Chemical Substances Information and The Disclosure of The Information for Public

指導教授 : 傅玲靜

摘要


從國內外許多工安意外可以得知,毒性化學物質資訊對民眾的重要性。本文以美國經驗及法制反觀我國對毒化物管理的現況,我國毒性化學物質管理法所規範者,為預防或避免化學災害的發生,而採取多種化學物質管制手段,並且要求企業將運作的毒化物相關資訊向主管機關申報,由政府負責收集所有相關資訊,作為制定化學物質管理政策與預防突發化學災害之用。但是民眾卻沒有途徑可以取得這些資訊。 由於我國毒性化學物質管理法雖然建立一套毒化物資訊申報制度,但資訊公開制度卻相當落後。重要的毒化物資訊則完全掌握在企業與政府間,由政府與企業承擔管理毒化物的責任。但是對於化學災害發生受害最深、受影響最大的人民在毒性化學物質管理法中幾乎沒有途徑可以取得這些資訊。因此,本文介紹美國美國緊急事故應變計畫與社區知權法(Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, EPCRA)中關於化學物質之資訊申報制度、資訊公開制度並配合公民訴訟之運作情形,以及德國環境資訊公開(Umweltinformationsgesetz;UIG)中關於環境資訊資訊公開規定。本文藉由外國立法例之介紹,進而反思在我國民眾在取得企業毒化物資訊方面所產生的問題。其中包括毒化物管制之範圍、資訊申報制度、資訊公開制度以及如何能夠確保政府以及民眾可以取得毒化物資訊等。希望能對未來毒性化學物質管理法修法時提出一些建議。

並列摘要


This dissertation discusses the legal system and experience of the United States in the management of toxic chemicals, and examines toxic chemical substance control measures in Taiwan. The government adopts various control measures to regulate toxic chemicals and prevent chemical disasters. Toxic Chemical Substance Control Acts also state that enterprises should report any use of toxic chemical substances to related government agencies, which allows the government to collect related information and establish policy on the management of chemical substances, as well as prevent chemical-related accidents. However, such information is difficult to obtain for the general public. The government established a reporting mechanism on information of toxic chemical substances, but failed to make the information more open to the public. Crucial information of toxic chemical substances is only available for conglomerates and the government. People who are the biggest victims in chemical accident, however, are unable to obtain such information. With an aim to examine the lack of information disclosure system on toxic chemicals in Taiwan, this dissertation introduces information reporting mechanism, information disclosure system and citizen lawsuits cited in the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) of the United States, and environmental information disclosure regulations in Germany’s Umweltinformationsgesetz (UIG). Through the introduction of laws and regulations in other countries, this dissertation explores problems people encounter in the process of acquiring information on toxic chemicals from the companies, including the scope of toxic chemicals control, reporting system and information disclosure mechanism, and seeks to provide suggestions on the proposed amendment of Toxic Chemical Substance Control Acts.

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