我國成年監護制度之研究

A Study on Adult Guardianship System in Taiwan

葉奕廷(Yi-Ting Yeh)

指導教授 ： 郭振恭

中原大學/商學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201200401

摘要

由於醫藥及科技進步，使人類的平均壽命延長，根據內政部最新統計資料，我國99年平均壽命為79.18歲，台灣已然進入「高齡化社會」，高齡化社會必然會形成不同的生活型態、帶動民生經濟與醫療福利的改變，因此成年監護制度設計之內容，常成為現代民主國家人權是否進步的指標。
我國新修正的成年監護制度，修正上雖參照鄰近日本之相關法規，但並非完全的沿用，修正後之條文是否能因應高齡化社會來臨所衍生出之高齡者監護問題，仍不無疑問，緣此，本文擬藉由評析關於我國成年監護制度內容，並檢討新制之缺失及施行後可能發生的若干問題，制度面是否仍有改善的空間;尤其詳為考察日本法上之成年監護制度，以收比較之效，進而發展出屬於我國的「成年監護制度」之研究目的。
本文以如何建立一套更健全、更完善的成年監護制度為研究之目的及重點。全文共分為六章，各章重點如下：
第一章「序論」，說明本文的研究動機、目的與方法。第二章「成年監護之立法精神」，以人性尊嚴及人權為導向，說明成年監護制度的存在意義，以及國際社會對人權的重視與我國對制度的需要及改進之努力。第三章「成年監護制度之背景與發展」，將我國監護制度與日本後見制度之沿革、定義、要件、內容、存續與終止、代理人之義務與監督，以及民法其他相關規定，逐一介紹之。第四章「我國成年監護制度之現況與檢討」，主要介紹我國現行成年監護制度的內涵、相關專業法律的規定，並對其說明檢討有無修正之必要。第五章「我國監護制度之前瞻」，本章將先就實務上監護制度相關之案例作評析，再對修正後之新制提出相關之修正建議。第六章「結論與建議」，第一章至第五章之論述內容作濃縮性歸納整理。
綜合本論文以上研究所得，擬提出以下幾點建議，期待未來成年監護制度再修正時可參考。
(一)不應一律剝奪受監護宣告人之行為能力。
(二)擴大聲請權人範圍及複數監護人得以單獨行使代理權為原則。
(三)重大醫療照護之監護事項行為仍須先得法院或第三者機關的同意。
(四)限制宣告實施期間，以五年為限，必要時得變更或延長之。
(五)修正成年監護的登記制度，與戶政資料之登記脫鉤。
(六)宜增設監護監督人及輔助監督人，來協助法院監視或監督監護人執行職務。
(七)對被監護人意思能力應有明確規範，以精神醫學上之判斷為原則。

關鍵字

後見制度 ； 成年監護制度

並列摘要

The main purpose to reform the contemporary adult guardianship system is to respect and protect the right of self-determination so that people can lead a decent life and maintain the transaction security at the same time. Although the new amendments refer to the relevant laws and regulations of Japan, it is still uncertain whether the amended provisions can meet the needs of the aging society. Therefore, this paper is to assess and review Taiwan adult guardianship system, its defects and the problems that might occur after enforcement of the law, as well as to study and explore Japanese system comprehensively.
The goal of this paper is to help building a more robust, better adult guardianship system for Taiwan. This paper contains six chapters. The summaries of six chapters are as follows:
Chapter I, ”Introduction”, focuses on the motive, purpose and methods of this paper. Chapter 2, ”Legislation Spirit of Adult Guardian”, explains why adult guardianship system is crucial as human dignity and human rights are major concerns of all members of the international community today. Chapter 3 “the background and development of Adult Guardian System ”, introduces the history, definition, elements, surviving and termination, the obligations and supervision of an agent, as well as related provisions of civil law in Taiwan and Japan guardianship system. Chapter 4, ”the review of Taiwan adult guardianship system”, is to focus primarily on our current adult guardianship system, related provisions, and discusses whether it is necessary to amend the law and provisions. Chapter 5, ”A vision of the guardianship system in Taiwan”, will do some case studies of the guardianship system in Taiwan, and comments for the amended laws for adult guardianship system. Chapter 6 , “Conclusions and Suggestions”, summarizes the contents of chapter 1 to Chapter 5.
For future reference to re-amend the adult guardianship system are briefly outlined as follows：
1.The capacity of people under guardianship should not be deprived completely.
2. Expand the scope of the right to claim, and multi-guardians should exercise the power of attorney separately.
3. The major medical care for guardians should get consent from the court or authorized organs.
4. The period of declaration the custody or enlightenment for guardians should be suggested maximum of five years, if necessary, may alter or extend .
5. Amendment to the registration system of the adult guardians. decoupling with the registration of household administration information.
6. The supervisor and assistant supervisor for adult guardians should be established to assist the court to monitor or supervise the guardians.
7. The judgment rule for the capacity of intention should be specified clearly by judgment of psychiatry.

並列關鍵字

adult guardianship system

參考文獻

8.鄧學仁，高齡社會之成年監護，中央警察大學法學論叢，第3期，1998年3月

9.鄧學仁，監護制度修正簡介及評釋(上)，司法周刊，第1402期，第2版

10.鄧學仁，監護制度修正簡介及評釋(下)，司法周刊，第1403期，第2版

一､專書(以姓氏筆畫為序)

1.史尚寬，親屬法論，，臺北四刷，1980年