朱維之論耶穌形象

朱維之先生（W.T.Chu，1905-1999）是二十世紀中國優秀的文學家、傑出的翻譯家，更是學貫中西的著名學者。他的人生歷經了五四運動思潮，走過了四九年前後動盪不安的政治局勢。他一生從事教育工作、著作等身，對於《聖經》與基督教文學更是有深入的研究。論文內容主要是以朱維之的《基督教與文學》、《無產者耶穌傳》二書為研究的文本。《基督教與文學》一書可研究的層面極廣，本文只針對書中所提耶穌的詩人特質來探討。先由耶穌的血統和條件確定他詩人的身份，再整理其他文學家對耶穌形象的刻畫，最後分析詩人耶穌的祈禱與說教在聖經文學中的重要性。朱維之對詩人耶穌的解釋是在一般意義的文學中進行，然而他的著作從「詩人耶穌」到「無產者耶穌」是有一段思想轉變的，在無產者耶穌裡他加入了馬克思的文藝批評與社會主義思想，將對耶穌的理解與聖經文本的脈絡放入社會史的背景之中，嘗試對社會進行改革，試圖使宗教進入社會。可惜的是，朱維之及其作品在四九年後被政治現實淹沒，並沒有受到重視。因此，本文選擇從朱維之創作《無產者耶穌傳》的時代背景和思想背景來理解他的思想發展，探討他以「文學」為工具，進而嘗試改造社會的理念。

關鍵字

無產者耶穌；詩人耶穌；聖經文學；朱維之

並列摘要

W. T. Chu (1905-1990) is an excellent writer, an outstanding translator, even more a famous scholar who has a thorough knowledge of both western and Chinese in 20th-century China. He experienced the stream of thought of the May Fourth Movement of 1919, walked through the turbulent political situation before and after 1949. In his whole life he dedicated himself to education, written voluminous books and had an in-depth study of Bible and Christian literature. This article will use Christian and Literature and Jesus the Proletarian these two books as main studying texts. Though Christian and Literature has many areas that have the feasibility of research, this article only make discussion on the characteristic of the poet of Jesus that is mentioned in this book. First it will identify Jesus as a poet through his lineage and conditions, then sorting other literatures’ portraitures of Jesus’ image, at last analysis the importance of the prayers and preaching of the poet Jesus’ in the Biblical Literature. Chu’s explanation of the poet Jesus is working among the general significance of literature, however, from “the poet Jesus" to “ the proletarian Jesus"; there is a period of ideological change in his book. In “the proletarian Jesus", he inserted the Marxist literary criticism and socialist ideology; and putted the understanding of Jesus and the context of the biblical text into the background of social history. He was trying to reform the society and make religion enter the society. Unfortunately, Chu and his works were submerged by the political reality after 1949 and had been neglected. Therefore, this article choose to understand the development of his ideas from the ideological background and the background of the times that he created the Jesus The Proletarian, and discuss his concept of using "literature" as a tool then to transform society.