非戰的耶穌？唯愛主義、民國基督徒知識分子的福音書詮釋與耶穌形象的公共性

中國基督教唯愛主義興起於一戰之後，在1920年代開始發展。但是，要到九一八事變之後，關於基督教如何看待武力和戰爭的議題，才在基督徒知識分子的圈子中引發激烈辯論。對於中國基督徒知識分子而言，此次事變可稱為民族與神學的雙重危機。眾多基督徒知識分子積極介入如何面對中日衝突這一公共議題的討論中。一方面，堅持唯愛主義的基督徒知識分子通過詮釋福音書中耶穌的唯愛主義教導（尤其是登山寶訓中關於愛仇敵的經文）以及耶穌一生不願意用武力抵抗羅馬政權的唯愛主義實踐（例如耶穌拒絕作王、拒絕門徒要降火燒滅撒瑪利亞一個村莊的建議、吩咐彼得收刀入鞘以及無抵抗地被釘死十字架），塑造了反戰之耶穌形象的公共性。另一方面，反對絕對唯愛主義的基督徒知識分子將上述關於耶穌的唯愛主義教導和實踐的經文作相對化的再解釋，也找出福音書中耶穌至少在某些條件下支持武力的教導（耶穌說自己來是叫地上動刀兵、在被賣的那一夜讓門徒賣衣服買刀）和實踐（耶穌潔淨聖殿），試圖塑造以武力方式與中國同仇敵愾之耶穌形象的公共性。

關鍵字

九一八事變；唯愛主義；耶穌形象；福音書；基督徒知識分子

並列摘要

Christian pacifism in China arose after the end of the World War I and spread in the 1920s. It was not until after the Mukden Incident of 1931, however, that the issue of how to view violence and war triggered intense debates within the circle of Christian intellectuals. This incident was considered by them as a theological crisis as well as a national one. Many Christian intellectuals engaged actively in the discussion of this public issue of how to respond to the Sino-Japanese conflict. On the one hand, pacifist Christian intellectuals shaped the publicness of anti-war images of Jesus in many ways. Some claimed Jesus' pacifist teachings from the Gospels (especially the text about loving enemies in the Sermon on the Mount). Others utilized Jesus' pacifist practices: Jesus refused to become a king; he rejected disciples' request of calling fire down to destroy a Samaritan village; he commanded Peter to put up his sword into the sheath; and he himself was crucified without violent resistance. Those Christian intellectuals who were not satisfied with the version of absolute pacifism, on the other hand, re-interpreted and relativized those so-called pacifist teachings and practices of Jesus. They also excavated from the Gospels Jesus' violence-affirmative teachings and practices at least under some conditions. These examples included: Jesus taught that he came to bring a sword to the earth; he asked his disciples to sell one's cloak and buy a sword; and he cleansed the temple. In these ways, they endeavored to shape the publicness of images of Jesus who shared bitter hatred in a violent way against China's enemy.

並列關鍵字

Mukden incident ； pacifism ； images of Jesus ； the Gospels ； Christian intellectuals

參考文獻

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非戰的耶穌？唯愛主義、民國基督徒知識分子的福音書詮釋與耶穌形象的公共性

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