企業避稅行為與董事會獨立性對會計穩健性的影響

先前安隆（Enron）、世界通訊公司（WorldCom）、博達、力霸等公司財務報表不實案曝光後，表明國內外公司治理方面存在諸多問題。Watts（2003a，2003b）提出採用穩健會計原則能夠提高公司契約有效性，減少代理問題，解決公司治理方面的一些問題。Watts（2003）提出稅收因素會影響會計穩健性。近年來，世界各國企業積極的避稅行為已成為普遍現象（Lanis and Richardson，2012a），避稅行為雖不合法但也不違法，但企業在租稅規劃的同時，已經影響到國家的財政收入和租稅公平原則，因此各國也開展了反避稅行動。此外，我國政府也積極推動各項改革政策，如規定上市（櫃）公司之獨立董事制度，公司獨立董事能夠增加董事會異質性，對企業實行監督權，以改善國內公司治理問題，維護股東和投資人權益。因此本文研究企業避稅行為和企業設立獨立董事制度是否影響企業會計穩健性。本研究依據Basu（1997）盈餘不對稱時效模型，對2011年至2014年間4,524筆資料進行研究。實證結果發現，企業的避稅行為和會計穩健性無明顯關係；公司董事會獨立性與會計穩健性呈負向關係，反映公司獨立董事制度目前並無法完全對企業實行有效監督管理；在企業的避稅行為和董事會獨立性共同作用下，企業會計穩健性增強，說明公司獨立董事也希望企業能夠通過積極的避稅行為減少利益損失，因此增強了會計穩健性，降低稅收負擔。本研究還通過額外分析和敏感性分析，對研究結果進行檢驗。

關鍵字

避稅行為；董事會獨立性；會計穩健性

並列摘要

Previously, the financial statements dishonest events of Enron, WorldCom, Boda, and Liba were disclosed, indicating that there are many problems in corporate governance. Watts (2003a, 2003b) proposed using Accounting Conservatism can improve the effectiveness of corporate contracts, reduce agency problems, and solve the problems in corporate governance. Watts (2003) suggests that tax factors can affect accounting conservatism. In recent years, active tax avoidance by companies around the world has become a common phenomenon (Lanis and Richardson, 2012a). Although tax avoidance is not illegal, this situation has affected the country's fiscal revenue and the principle of tax fairness, so countries have launched anti-tax avoidance actions. Our government also actively promotes various reform policies, such as the companies’ Independent Director System. The independent directors of the company can improve the effectiveness of corporate contracts, reduce agency problems, and solve the problems in corporate governance and safeguard the benefits of shareholders and investors. Therefore, the studies focus on whether corporate tax avoidance behavior and the establishment of independent director system affect the firm's accounting conservatism. Based on the Basu’s model in 1997, this study has 4,524 data from 2011 to 2014. The results show that there is no obvious relationship between corporate tax avoidance behavior and accounting conservatism; the independence of the company's board of directors is negatively related to the accounting conservatism, which reflects that the company's independent director system can not fully achieve the goal at present; Under the joint effect of the independence directors and active tax avoidance, the accounting conservatism has increased, indicating that the company's independent directors also hope that enterprises can reduce the loss of profits through active tax avoidance behavior, thus enhancing the accounting conservatism and reducing the tax burden. The study also tested the results of the study through additional analysis and sensitivity analysis.