警示燈閃爍頻率、心智負荷與性別對警示訊號偵測績效的影響

Effects of Warning Lights Flash Rate, Mental Workload, and Gender on Detecting Warning Signals

鄭婉芝(Wan-Chih Cheng)

指導教授 ： 趙金榮

中原大學/電機資訊學院/工業與系統工程研究所/碩士(2020年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu202000503

摘要

警示燈可使用閃爍編碼方式呈現，讓操作者能立即察覺，而達到警示的目的。根據研究顯示，過高的負荷會使人員績效降低，當操作人員心智負荷程度處於極高的狀態下，可能產生無法即時察覺到警示燈閃爍的風險。然而綜觀過去有關閃爍頻率編碼的研究，其所建議的閃爍頻率並不一致，且少有研究探討操作人員在心智負荷程度高的狀態下，警示訊號是否應設定更高的閃爍頻率，以提高偵測績效。因此，本研究主探討人員在執行射擊遊戲時，其心智負荷高低與警示燈閃爍頻率對於警示訊號偵測績效的影響。
本研究受試者共有30位，實驗設計採用2×2×5混合式多因子設計，獨變項為性別 (男性、女性；受試者間)、心智負荷(高、低；受試者內)、警示燈閃爍頻率(1Hz、3Hz、5Hz、7Hz、9Hz；受試者內)，依變項為警示燈偵測作業績效(偵測反應時間、偵測命中率、偵測誤警率)。
本研究以受試者所需執行之射擊遊戲的難易程度，來驗證心智負荷程度的變化。實驗結果發現，受試者在兩種不同難易程度遊戲情境，對於反應時間、命中率、誤警率等警示燈偵測績效皆有顯著效果，顯示本研究遊戲難易度之設計，有成功操弄受試者心智負荷程度。五種不同閃爍頻率對警示燈反應時間、命中率、誤警率等偵測績效皆有顯著效果，其中在反應時間上，閃爍頻率為7、9Hz時的反應時間顯著較短。另外，性別對警示燈反應時間、命中率、誤警率等偵測績效，皆無顯著差異，顯示性別不是本研究遊戲執行績效差異的影響因素。本研究結果可作為新系統設計或評估現有系統時，警示燈號設計參考使用。

關鍵字

警示燈 ； 閃爍頻率 ； 信號偵測理論 ； 心智負荷 ； 性別差異

並列摘要

Warning light can be presented in flash coding and aware operators instantly so as to deliver a warning signal to users. Researches show that excessive pressure will affect personnel from reducing performance. If operators are under a status of extremely high mental workload, they will be exposed in the risk of not being able to aware the flashes warning light immediately. However, with regards to historical researches, the suggested flash rates are not consistent. In addition, there are few researches investigating whether the warning signal should be set to a higher flash rate to improve the awareness efficiency when operators are under high level of mental workload. Therefore, this research will explore the impact of mental workload level and warning light flash rate on the efficiency of detecting a warning signal when playing shooting game.
This study has invited 30 subjects for the experiment, which adopts 2x2x5 mixed multi-factor design. Independent variables include gender (between subject: male, female), mental workload (with-in subject: high, low) and flash rate of the warning light (with-in subject: 1Hz, 3Hz, 5Hz, 7Hz, 9Hz). Independent variable is the efficiency of detecting the warning light in terms of response time, hit rate and false alarm rate.
This study uses different difficulty levels of the shooting game to indicate different statuses of mental workload. The experimental results found that there is a significant difference in response time, hit rate and false alarm rate when the subjects play shooting game in two different difficulty levels, indicating that the design of the task difficulty level in this study can successfully affect the mental workload of subjects. The five different flash rates also have significant difference in response time, hit rate and false alarm rate. Particularly, response time is significantly reduced when the flash rate is set to be 7Hz and 9Hz. Besides, gender has no significant difference in response time, hit rate and false alarm rate for warning light detection, which shows that gender is not an influencing factor of warning light detection efficiency. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the design of warning lights regarding new systems design or existing system evaluation.

並列關鍵字

Key words: Warning light ； Flash rate ； Signal detection theory ； Mental workload ； Gender difference

參考文獻

中文參考文獻

丁玉蘭(2010)，應用人因工程學，第二版，臺北:新文京開發。

中華民國國家標準CNS15626-1 (2012)，心智工作負荷相關之人因工程原理-第1部:一般用語及定義。

石原忍(1984)，色盲檢辦法，臺北:立文。

李開偉(2017)，實用人因工程學，第五版，臺北:全華圖書。