製造能力與績效衡量之關聯性模式分析

The Relationship Model Analysis between Manufacturing Competency and Performance Measurement

陳百盛(Bai-Sheng Chen)

指導教授 ： 楊錦洲

中原大學/工學院/工業工程研究所/博士(2006年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2006.00461

摘要

企業推行製造管理的主要目的除了讓產品能順利產製外，另一管理重點即是要透過不斷改善製程及系統效率以提昇製造績效如降低生產成本、提升品質、增加交期彈性和產量彈性等，最後讓企業更具競爭力及獲利力。然而不同的製造業別會因為產業結構、競爭環境、製造型態、產品屬性等不同，而會聚焦在不同的管理策略及管理活動上，因而可能反應在不同的製造與企業績效表現上。
回顧有關製造能力或績效對企業績效間的影響性研究上，大多探討三種類型：（1）製造策略對企業績效之影響；（2）製造彈性對企業績效之影響；（3）實施全面品質管理、及時生產系統、全面預防保養對企業績效之影響。整體看來，過去研究較著重在製造階段與產出階段的績效研究，較缺凡探討製造階段的投入因素對製造績效的影響，以及缺乏以完整的績效觀點來探討製造能力與企業績效間之關聯性。因此，本研究的動機以系統性的生產資源投入、製程及產出階段之績效觀點，加入供應商能力和廠商創新能力作為製程階段的投入因素，以整體性的生產流程階段來探討製造能力與企業績效間的關聯性，並以可驗證模式中具有因果關係之結構方程模式（Structural equation modeling）以實際產業調查資料來建構出企業製造能力與績效衡量的關聯性模式。
從144份包含汽車及零件業、電腦及週邊業、電子零件業及機械設備業的有效樣本研究發現，供應商能力和廠商創新能力對製造能力有顯著正向影響，而製造能力（製程品質、使用率、生產力和彈性）對企業績效如產品品質、生產成本、價值以及企業獲利力等亦呈現顯著正向影響。而不同製造業別會因產品屬性和在供應鏈地位等特性不同而有明顯之製造策略及管理活動，進而在製造績效表現上亦呈現差異性。本研究分析不同產業間所聚焦的管理活動，會展現在不同的製造與企業績效上的表現進行討論，對實務上的績效管理作業提供具參考性價值。

關鍵字

績效衡量 ； 結構方程模式 ； 供應商能力 ； 製造能力 ； 創新能力

並列摘要

For the manufacturing firms, the objectives of manufacturing management is not only to produce products, but improve the processes and system efficiency to enhance the manufacturing performance such as cost reduction, quality improvement, delivery flexibility and volume flexibility. Ultimately increase firm’s competitive advantage and profitability. However, different industries may focus on different manufacturing strategies and practices because of its industrial structure, competition environment, manufacturing types, and product attributes. Thus, these situations reflect different manufacturing competency and business performance on different industries.
Review the researches of impacts of manufacturing competency or performance on business performance, mostly discussion three types: (1) the impacts of manufacturing strategies on business performance; (2) the impacts of manufacturing performance on business performance; and (3) the impacts of implementation of TQM, JIT, and TPM on business performance. Overall, the past researches focus on performance analysis on manufacturing stage and output stage, lack of studying the impacts of input factors on manufacturing performance, and the relationships between manufacturing performance and business performance by the whole performance aspects.
The motivation of this research is to establish a relationship model between manufacturing competency and performance measurement from the systematical viewpoint of production inputs, processes, and outputs. The supplier competency and innovation competency also included as input factors to establish the model from the surveyed data by using the structural equation modeling. In 144 valid samples (includes automobile and parts manufacturing, computer and peripherals manufacturing, electronic parts manufacturing, and machinery equipment manufacturing), this research indicated that, supplier competency and innovation competency had apparently positive impacts on manufacturing competency. The manufacturing competency (includes process quality, utilization, productivity, and flexibility) also positively impact the business performance such as product quality, production costs, value, and profitability. However, different industries had different manufacturing strategies and practices, even the business performance, since its product attributes and position of supply chain. This research focuses on manufacturing practices on different industrials, and discusses the diversity of manufacturing and business performance. The analytical result providers the reference value for the empirical performance management.

並列關鍵字

innovation competency ； Manufacturing competency ； supplier competency ； performance measurement ； structural equation modeling

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