摘 要 為順應現今溫室效應對環境及氣候造成變化之嚴重衝擊,再生能源技術的開發與應用日益重要,而能源技術的不斷創新及朝向能源多元化的發展,亦已成為世界各國能源政策一致努力的目標。在所有的再生能源技術當中,風能(Wind Energy)為目前應用最廣泛,且商轉經驗高度成熟之能源技術。當世界各國政府逐漸開放能源市場之際,風能的發展也越來越富有競爭力,而這個趨勢將會帶來對風電機組更多的需求。目前居於風電產業領導地位之國家分別為德國、西班牙、美國、丹麥…等,各國風力發電製造產業在其發展過程中,分別採行了不同的政策,也對經濟及電力市場產生了不同程度的影響。 本研究主要係在探討風力發電在台灣發展的潛力,以及政府應有的政策及措施。基本上,風力發電所涉及的不只是電力部門,也不只是在解決缺電問題,其更涉及了環境保護、電業結構的改變、新工業技術、經濟結構等各層面的問題。風電在台灣之發展雖具有諸多的優點,與台灣天然及工業條件也有一定之契合度,惟更亟需政府制訂有前瞻性的能源政府加以扶持。台灣若要進入風電產業的國際市場,不單將只是面對競爭,而是要去創造競爭,打破價值與成本抵換的觀念,創造與掌握新的需求。此外,在風力發電機組的研發技術、品質等均須再提高,同時配合追求差異化和低成本,再透過創造有效需求,進行價值的差異化。亦即是,在創造最大的消費者剩餘時,同時也產生最大化的生產者剩餘。
Abstract To cope with the potential impacts that global greenhouse effect may have on the economy, nations of the whole world have put tremendous effort in developing renewable energy technologies and promoting the usage of renewable energies in a wide range of areas. Among the renewable energy technologies, wind turbine is one of the most mature technologies with commercialized applications. The liberalization of electricity market occurring in many of the economies further provides a very good opportunity for wind mills to compete with traditional generation technologies, which has opened up a huge market for wind turbine industry. This study aims at exploring the potential and competitiveness of the wind turbine industry in Taiwan. The accompanying policy measures that are needed to jump start the industry is also examined. We found that in order for Taiwan’s wind turbine industry to grow and become globally competitive, taking advantage of the well-developed existing supply chains of electrical machinery and electronics industries, along with some existing and new policy incentives (subsidies, tax allowance … etc), will be the key to the success of development.