我國環境法制架構之研究-以環境公民訴訟制度為中心

Taiwan's Environmental Law Framework-Using Environmental Citizen Litigation System as an Example

陳明宗(Ming-Tsung Chen)

指導教授 ： 姚志明

中原大學/法學院/財經法律研究所/碩士(2018年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201800025

摘要

典型的環境保護措施在過去只注意到污染防治的工作，現在應以避免污染的發生才是首要重點，且近年來水污染、空氣污染、土壤污染等環境破壞造成的全球性氣候改變，影響漁農作物收成、動植物成長作息及國家經濟發展等，這讓不只是在台灣的住民，人類全體深刻體會到大面積環境破壞、資源浪費少則十幾年多則百年，或更甚於往後永遠無法恢復，所以現代環境保護法的制定除了傳統式管制與污染防治為基礎需更進一步加入考量全球資源與生態平衡及人類生存的全球性環境問題之變數，同時確保人類經濟發展與自然生態得以永續生存，這也迫使國際環境保護條款、條約之範圍需將目光放遠至全地球，各國之間環境協議合作。本文以環境保護法制建構的發展探討，以了解環境法規設置的目的，我國隨著經濟社會的發展，人民對環境相關政策措施的關注漸漸轉換為行動來實現保護環境的決心，實際上環境污染與生態環境之破壞，仍未有消退之跡象，雖然中央政府已訂定相關環境保護規範，而主管機關怠於執行或行政機關效率的問題，常導致立法者保護環境的美意落空，人民在失望之虞不斷的透過遊行與請願向政府抗議財團的不當開發所導致的環境破壞，如樹木濫筏土石流失、海洋污染珊湖死亡等等。我國公民訴訟最早由美國引入之維護環境公益之訴訟制度，任何民眾(Any personal)皆可以為了維護環境公益，透過司法監督行政機關之義務是否落實，然而我國與美國之制度並不相同，對於引入的公民訴訟制度，是否有檢討的必要性，近年來法院的司法實務已累積了許多的判決案例，本次將以實務案例檢討的方式進行比較研究，並提供個人淺見，促使公民訴訟制度未來能更加完善。

關鍵字

環境公民訴訟 ； 環境法 ； 環境破壞 ； 救濟制度 ； 公益訴訟 ； 永續發展

並列摘要

Typical environmental protection measures in the past on focus on reducing pollution. However, it is more important now than ever to focus on preventing pollution. In recent years water, air, soil pollution and other environmental damage has cause global climate change. This climate change has in turn affected aquaculture and agriculture harvests, animal and plant growth/routine, and economic development in nations. Not only people in Taiwan, but across the globe, have felt this large scale environmental damage. The resource waste is counted in term of decades or centuries, and some resources may never be recovered. Thus, the drafting of current environmental protection laws not only have to be based on traditional control and pollution prevention, but must also consider global resource and ecological balance, as well as global environmental variables that are vital to human survival. At the same time, environmental laws must ensure that human economic development and natural habitats can be sustained. This has forced the scope of international environmental protection terms and treaty to expand to the entire globe, as well as environmental agreement and cooperation between nations. For this study, the development of environmental protection legal framework is used to understand the objective of setting up environmental laws. As Taiwan’s economy and society develops, people’s focus on environment related policy and measures has gradually shifted to taking action and realizing environmental protection. In reality, environmental pollution and ecosystem damage shows no sign of subsiding. Although the central government has already set related environmental protection specifications, slow action by competent authorities or poor efficiency on the part of administrative agencies often leads to the environmental protection ideal of legislators going unfulfilled. The disappointed public have continuously used marches and appeals to the government to protest environmental damage caused by improper corporate development, such as overharvesting of trees, soil erosion, ocean pollution, and coral death. The United States was the first to introduce public litigation into the public service litigation system. To maintain environmental public service, any person can use the judiciary to monitor whether administrative agency obligations have been realized. Still, Taiwan’s system is not the same as that in the United States. As to whether the introduction of public litigation system needs to be examined, court judicial practice has already accumulated many case precedence in recent years. For this study, examination and comparison of actual cases are conducted. The author also provided personal opinions in the hopes of making the public litigation system more comprehensive in the future.

並列關鍵字

Environmental Citizen Litigation ； Environmental Law ； Environmental Damage ； Relief System ； Public Service Litigation ； Sustainable Development

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