文化資產空間敘事之研究

本文探討台灣文化資產保存的價值如何被人們所理解，如何透過空間敘事的方法，作為意義的創造，進而成為理解文化資產的取徑。文化資產作為敘事的文本（text）或事件（event）的見證，事件往往發生於特定空間與時間之中，為歷史敘事中以空間作為敘事主體的方法取向，作為解釋或理解事件的特殊方式。歷史場所的整體性討論亦關乎保存價值特徵的詮釋與呈現，以及場所精神（Genius Loci）的意義述說。文化資產空間的敘事，以敘事視為詮釋的方法，作為一種行動或再現，意義透過主體意識的視域開展得以體會，而當主體意識進行敘事的表述，也如同濾鏡般的再現或詮釋所謂真實的探究。本文考察臺灣文化資產保存修復實務上，對於文化資產所在的歷史場所的整體性與真實性保存觀念的時勢問題。在城市現代化過程的徵候，重新觀看文化資產空間作為社會產物以及使用價值，建構文化資產空間敘事的方法，透過以空間作為敘事主體的歷史書寫詮釋，以助於文化資產的理解與保存。而在文化資產敘事空間的設計與詮釋呈現，將論及如何透過空間的再現來創造意義，空間的敘事與空間的設計生產作為地方創造的方法。研究方法主要以文獻史料收集、實地田野觀察、測繪與深度口述歷史訪談以建構空間敘事文本內容，包括：實存空間敘事文本、歷史空間敘事文本、行動空間敘事文本，以及經驗空間敘事文本的建構，透過言談分析與敘事研究的方法進行空間敘事的工作，敘事也視為文化社會行動，主體經驗生產與自我教習的過程。本研究建構文化資產空間敘事的方法學，包括：文化資產空間的敘事特徵與意義創造；文化資產敘事空間的設計與詮釋呈現；文化資產詮釋行動與地方創造，透過文獻理論評析到實務經驗的案例樣本研究，探討論述與實踐之間的困境與契機。研究結論：首先透過空間敘事研究多樣文本內容的研究，作為理解文化資產生命的取徑，強調歷史場所「存在」的重要，透過人地共生的關懷，文化資產保存的行動、參與、詮釋與實踐的過程，共譜文化資產空間的生命敘事。第二，強調在地參與的詮釋行動，開展以人為本的永續實踐，進而由物質性保存轉向文化社會理解，參與在地行動的強調，有助於文化價值與當代重新連結，以共創未來，以場域脈絡性的保存思維，落實文化保存於民眾生活之中，亦為文化資產從再利用到再生活化的期待。第三，藉由空間敘事的詮釋行動，作為主體經驗生產與社會自我教習場域，經由社會力的啟動到再社會化的體現，透過文化資產價值特徵的指認與共同經驗的再生產，以再塑地方感，亦即經由再社會化過程，導引出文化資產對於城市公民的意義，並建構文化資產空間敘事作為中介文化空間治理分析模型與文化資產敘事空間設計的詮釋內容與方法架構。

關鍵字

文化資產；空間敘事學；歷史場所；場所精神；空間意識；文化地理學；文化地理學

並列摘要

This paper discusses how the values preserved by cultural heritages can be understood by people, and how to create meaning through spatial narrative methods as a way to understand cultural heritages. Cultural heritages serve as the witness of narrative text or events. Events often take place in a specific space and time, which is the methodological orientation of historical narratives that use space as a narrative. This is a particular way of interpreting or understanding events. The holistic discussion of historical places is also related to the interpretation and presentation of the characteristics of preserved values, and the interpretation of the meaning of Genius Loci. The narrative in the cultural heritage space takes narrative as the interpretation method. As an action or representation, the meaning can be realized through subjective consciousness. When the subjective consciousness carries out the narrative expression, it also reproduces or interprets the so-called real inquiry like a filter. This paper examines the current issues in the preservation and restoration of cultural heritages in Taiwan with regard to the concept of preserving the integrity and authenticity of the historical cultural heritage sites. In the process of urban modernization, we re-examine the cultural heritage space as a social product and its use value, and to construct a method of spatial narrative of cultural heritages. Through the interpretation of historical writing with space as the narrative subject, it helps to understand and preserve cultural heritages. In the design and interpretation of the narrative space of cultural heritages, we discuss how to create meaning through the reproduction of space, the narrative of space and the design and production of space are used as a method of place creation. The research method is mainly based on literature review and historical data collection, field observation, surveying and in-depth oral history interviews to construct spatial narrative texts, including: physical spatial narrative texts, historical spatial narrative texts, action spatial narrative texts, and empirical spatial narrative texts. Spatial narrative work is conducted through the methods of discourse analysis and narrative research. Narrative is also seen as a process of cultural social action, subjective experience production and self-learning. This study constructs a spatial narrative methodology of cultural heritages, including: the narrative characteristics and meaning creation of cultural heritages; the design and interpretation of cultural heritage narrative space; the interpretation action and place creation of cultural heritages. Through a theoretical review of the literature and a case study of practical experience, we explore the dilemmas and opportunities between narrative and practice. The study concludes that spatial narrative research is a way to understand the life of cultural heritages, emphasizing the importance of the "presence" of historical sites. Through the symbiotic care of people and places, the process of action, participation, interpretation, and practice of cultural heritage preservation, the spatial life narrative of cultural heritages is created. In the transition from material preservation to the understanding of cultural society of cultural heritages, we propose that participation is also a part of the preservation of historical sites. This helps to reconnect cultural values with the present to create the future together. With the idea of preservation in a contextual way, culture is preserved in people's lives and cultural heritages are expected to be reused and regenerated. The mediating role of cultural heritages from the initiation of social forces to the realization of resocialization is realized through the identification of the value characteristics of cultural heritages and the regeneration of common experiences. By reshaping the sense of place, that is, through the process of resocialization, the meaning of cultural heritages for urban citizens is introduced, and the spatial narrative of cultural heritages is constructed as an analytical model for mediating the governance of cultural space and the interpretative content and methodological framework for the spatial design of cultural heritage narratives.