雙關語戲劇效果的轉換：莎士比亞的哈姆雷特中譯本之比較研究

The Shift of Wordplay: A Comparative Study of Two Chinese Translations of Shakespeare' s Hamlet

劉怡伶(Yi-Ling Liu)

指導教授 ： 羅芸芳

中原大學/人文與教育學院/應用外國語文研究所/碩士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201600413

摘要

本研究以威廉．莎士比亞的哈姆雷特的中譯劇本為例，探討雙關語效果的可譯性。雙關語是種巧妙玩弄文字的修辭法，更是莎士比亞作品中常見的寫作手法，除了塑照出獨特的詼諧戲劇效果外，更能有效地引起讀者的立即反應。就雙關語翻譯而言，譯文成效的好壞，取決於譯文讀者能否與譯文中的雙關語產生共鳴。

本研究以Delabastita的翻譯理論與讀者反應理論為架構，著重於譯文讀者與雙關語翻譯兩者間的交際效果。Delabastita的翻譯理論探討雙關語翻譯的可行性及所呈現的修辭效果。而讀者反應理論以及基模理論在翻譯研究中，則是著重閱讀理解過程中譯文讀者與譯文之間的相互關連性。

文本分析結果發現，在雙關語翻譯中，譯者可善用多種翻譯技巧（如：各種相關修辭法）及各種雙關語用標記（如：慣用語），不僅可有效解決翻譯過程中所面臨原文和譯文間語言系統和文化不對稱性的困難，並能幫助譯文讀者更加理解其譯文雙關語的意義及效果。透過譯文所呈現的雙關語標記，譯文讀者能夠有效地喚起相關知識以透徹瞭解其譯文所隱含的雙關語意義和效果。因此，本研究歸納之結果為雙關語翻譯的有效性深受譯者的翻譯技巧及譯文讀者所具備的文學知識所影響。

關鍵字

戲劇翻譯 ； 雙關語 ； Delabastita翻譯理論 ； 讀者反應

並列摘要

The present study aims to investigate the translatability of puns in two Chinese translations of William Shakespeare’s play script on Hamlet. As a language-specific rhetorical form, puns play an extremely important role in Shakespeare’s works since they are intended for dramatic textual effects, and are expected to evoke immediate responses among the readers. An effective translation depends on whether the target readers can comprehend the dramatic effects of puns conveyed in the translations.
This study adopts Delabastita’s model of strategies for translating puns and reader-response theory to explore the communicative effect of the target text (TT) puns on readers. The Delabastita’s model looks at the possibility of pun rendering in translation and the poetic effects of the TT puns on readers. The reader-response theory in translation studies describes the interconnection between the reader and the text in the comprehension process.
The textual analysis shows that integrating more than two translation techniques (e.g. related rhetorical devices) and providing various kinds of signals (e.g. idiomatic and custom expression) could not only reduce the linguistic and cultural gaps in rendering the source text (ST) puns into the TT but also help the target readers contextualize the punning elements in the translation. The punning signals in a translation could actively foster the target readers’ relevant schemas for an efficient understanding the translated text. The major finding of this study is that the effectiveness of the pun translation depends not only on the translator’s decisions, but also on target readers’ processing efforts and their relevant linguistic knowledge and literary competence.

並列關鍵字

drama translation ； pun ； Delabastita’s model ； reader-response theory

參考文獻

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