不同燈具及室內環境條件對辦公空間照明用電密度之影響

隨著科技進步，市面上有越來越多種類的燈具與光源能做選擇，至於該如何選擇及設計燈具數量，必須同時考慮照度與用電密度。本研究以辦公室為對象，透過不同種類的燈具、辦公室隔板的使用以及室內環境條件等變化之下，模擬整體空間的用電密度差異，並彙整出適當的照明用電密度範圍。本研究使用電腦照明模擬軟體DIALux evo 9.2進行模擬。本研究燈具選擇涵蓋國內辦公室常見之8種燈具類型，光源種類為螢光燈和LED燈。照明方式為辦公室常見之直接照明與間接照明。燈具共有Type01~Type18等18種。本研究探討在不同種類燈具及不同尺寸變化之下，300 lx、500 lx、750 lx等三種平均照度所對應的照明功率密度。實驗變因為辦公桌無使用隔板及有使用隔板之變化。不同燈具之空間整體照明模擬用電密度分析的實驗結果顯示，在有無隔板的比較上，結果顯示有隔板之辦公配置的照明用電密度皆高於無隔板之辦公照明配置3~9%之間。最耗能的前四種燈具為Type01、Type15、Type09及Type02。最省能的前四種燈具為Type04、Type06、Type05及Type03。平均照度500 lx時，除了Type01之外，其餘Type02~Type18，皆符合新加坡、香港、美國等辦公室照明規劃之照明用電密度9.7 W/m2的標準。室內環境條件對照明用電密度之影響實驗中，探討「開窗方式」、「開窗率」、「天花板高度」、「辦公室環境反射率」四種實驗因子對辦公空間照明之影響。本研究雖不探討自然採光的影響，但牆面與窗戶的材質設定會影響室內燈光的反射效果。為了更忠實呈現燈光在真實辦公空間的反射情形，本研究也一併探討了開窗面的開窗率與開窗方式，對於照明用電密度的影響。本研究彙整了每個模擬結果之數據以及照明用電密度與平均照度的對照圖，讓規劃者可以根據所需之平均照度標準及燈具種類，快速地找到相對應之照明用電密度，並依照規劃面積計算出所需要之光源數量。

關鍵字

照明；照度；節能；照明用電密度；辦公空間

並列摘要

The technology advancement prompts the increasing number of lighting fixtures and sources available to choose from. When it comes to how to select and design the number of fixtures needed, it is necessary to consider illumination intensity and power density. For the purpose of this study, office was selected to simulate the difference in power density in the entire space through the use of various types of lighting fixture and office partitions, while the appropriate range of lighting power density was determined. The lighting simulation program, DIALux evo 9.2, was used for simulation. 8 types of lighting fixtures commonly used in offices in Taiwan were selected with fluorescent lights and LEDs chosen for light sources. The lighting was provided directly and indirectly, which are both commonly seen in offices. Eighteen types of fixtures were used, designated Type 01 through Type 18. The study was an attempt to investigate the lighting power densities corresponding to 3 average illumination intensities, 300 lx, 500 lx and 750 lx, under different types and sizes of lighting fixtures. The presence of partition on desk and the use of partitions were the experiment variables. The space lighting simulation with various lighting fixtures produced the results of power density. For the comparison between the presence and absence of partitions, the results suggested that the lighting power density was higher for office layout with the presence of partitions than absence 3~9%. The 4 most power-consuming fixtures were Type01, Type15, Type09 and Type02, whereas the 4 most energy-efficient fixtures were Type04, Type06, Type05 and Type03. At the average illumination intensity of 500 lx, all types of fixtures but Type01 and Type02 complied with the lighting power density criterion of 9.7 W/m2 for office layout in Singapore, Hong Kong and USA. The experiment of influence of indoor environment conditions on lighting power density explored the influence of four experiment factors, namely “the way windows are opened,” “percentage of open windows,” “ceiling height” and “reflection rate of office environment,” on the office space lighting. Although this study does not discuss the influence of natural lighting, the material settings of walls and windows will affect the reflection effect of indoor lights. In order to more faithfully present the reflection of light in the real office space, this study also discusses the influence of the window opening rate and window opening method on the lighting power density of office. The data from every simulation was summarized and lighting power density vs. average illumination intensity was plotted to allow a planner to quickly determine the corresponding lighting power density according to the average illumination needed and type of fixture, as well as the number of light sources needed based on the layout area.