堆高機操作之可靠度與不安全行為構成因素分析

堆高機帶的效率及載貨能力帶給各產業比人力更有效率的運載能力，現代社會堆高機可以說是四處可見，但方便有時帶來人的疏忽或不當操作造成傷亡。本研究之目的在找出堆高機操作人員可靠度和不安全行為的構成及因素。研究方式主要分成三個大項，第一部份使用階層式作業分析(Hierarchical Task Analysis, HTA)建立堆高機作業流程，第二部份使用系統化人為失誤減少與預測方法(Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach, SHERPA)，分析失誤及建立問卷供操作員填寫，第三部份使用人為失誤評估及降低方法(Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique,HEART)，找出每個動作失誤率，並提供建議改善最大動作失誤率。失誤分析中，堆高機操作作業中發現了共有49個潛在人為失誤，行動失誤為首(25/49)，其次為檢查失誤(19/49)。失誤率預測方面，堆高機操作作業中最高之動作駛至裝卸貨場地，會以安全速度行駛(每小時15公里以下) (0.0016)；第二高為裝卸貨物前，會將作業區域設置隔離措施(0.0015)，第三高為如物品較高時，會使人員站於貨叉上協助取物(0.0014)。此結果有助於未來建立以及改善堆高機操作的失誤、制度或作業流程，避免發生工安意外。

關鍵字

堆高機

並列摘要

Forklift’s effectiveness and load carrying capacity brings manufacturing industries more efficient way to transferring heavier shipments then human , nowadays you can see forklifts everywhere; however, the effectiveness sometimes bring carelessness and misusing of forklifts that have cause injuries or lives. The goal of this study is to discover forklift operators’ human reliability and un-safety behaviors. The research methods of this study divided into three parts. First part is by using Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) to construct the procedure of forklift operation. Second part is using Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA) to inspect each error of the operation, also creating questionnaire survey for operators. Third part is by using Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique (HEART) to figure our each error rate, and then identify and giving suggestions on the most concerning errors. The result of SHERPA , forklift operation mainly are action errors (25/49), Checking Errors are second (19/49).The result of Human Error Assessment and Reduction Technique, the highest error is drive speed to loading/unloading locations(error rate-0.0016). Second highest error is to set up blockages for forklift working area (error rate-0.0015). Last of all is Human standing on forklift’s fork to reach higher places. (error rate-0.0014). These results are help to establish the error model, and to improve the procedure or the system and to prevent workplace accidents.