男性照顧者照養失能長者之歷程研究：從敘事分析觀點

A Narrative Study on the Male Caregivers' Nursing Experiences with Disabled Elders

邱鈺婷(YU-TING CHIU)

指導教授 ： 宋宥賢

中原大學/人文與教育學院/教育研究所/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu202201240

摘要

臺灣目前已成為「高齡社會」國家之一，國內長者偏好由家人居家照顧，然家庭照顧者的照顧者承接下照養工作外，亦承擔經濟、社會等多重的壓力，隨著失能長者身體功能的退化，照顧者的負荷也跟著沉重了起來，過往照顧者大多以女性為主，隨著工商業的發展、女性主義、少子化等影響，男性也投入照養行列，故本研究便聚焦探討男性照顧者於照養失能長者的心路歷程與面對相關困境的調適。
本研究將針對三位照養失能長者的男性照顧者進行訪談，並透過敘事進行分析。本研究結果照顧者因遵循著儒家思想、親情壓力、性別因素、宗教的教義、體力等因素，而承接下照養的工作。然照養可能伴隨相關壓力產生，如：經濟壓力、照顧壓力、與被照顧者相處的壓力等，而照養壓力：從初期的摸索期，到建立照養模式期，以及面對被照顧者持續退化期，對於照顧者而言都有許多的挑戰要克服。
照顧者面對這些照養的困難，發展出的因應策略與模式，大致分為：情緒抒發、問題解決等能力。在情緒抒發方面：利用轉換想法、正向思考、情境轉換、運動等方式來紓解壓力；在問題解決方面：藉由家人的支援、照服員的協助、外籍看護工、到日照中心等方式，讓照顧者有喘息的機會。
因此依據研究發現，建議男性照顧者：多了解長照資源多利用、用諮商管道與生命書寫來紓解壓力、將部分的照養工作外包出去減輕照養壓力、參加照養相關課程提升自我照顧與照養的能力。建議政府相關單位能提供男性照顧者一些協助與關照。如：1.對於照養失能長者的家庭能提供更多的補助；2.提供心理從業人員定期關心男性照顧者。3.「最低照顧」的倡議。

關鍵字

失能長者 ； 男性照顧者 ； 照養

並列摘要

Taiwan has now become one of the "senior societies" countries. The elders usually prefer to be taken care of by their families at home. However, in addition to taking care of the elders, some caregivers are also under different pressures, such as financial pressure and social pressure. As the physical functions of the elders deteriorate day by day, the burden on caregivers increases correspondingly. In the past, most caregivers were women. Nowadays, as the industry and commerce develop, along with the effect of feminism and low birthrates, more men are becoming caregivers as well. Therefore, this study focuses on exploring the mental process of male caregivers while caring for the disabled elders and how they adjust when facing difficulties.
　　In this study, three male caregivers of disabled elders were interviewed, and then analyzed narratively. There are multiple factors that affect the caregivers to take responsibilities, including following Confucianism due to family pressure, gender influences, religious doctrine, physical strength, etc. However, caring is related to different pressures, such as financial pressure, caring pressure, and pressure of getting along with care recipients. From the initial period of exploration, to establishing a care model, to the continuous degradation of care recipients, there are many challenges for caregivers to overcome.
　　Facing these difficulties in caring, caregivers develop coping methods and models, which can be roughly divided into different categories as follows: emotional expression, problem solving, and other skills. For emotional expression, caregivers can use the methods of changing thoughts, positive thinking, situational transformation, and exercise to relieve stress. In terms of problem solving, they can seek the support through family members, the assistance from other caregivers and foreign caregivers, or going to the Nursing Care Center. These methods can all help caregivers to release their stress.
　　To conclude, this study shows that male caregivers are advised to learn more about long-term care resources, use consultation channels and life writing to release stress, outsource some of their caregiving tasks to reduce caregiving stress, and attend caregiving-related courses to improve their self-care and caregiving skills. Government agencies can provide some assistance and care to male caregivers. For example: 1. providing more subsidies to families caring for the disabled elderly; 2. providing psychologists to care for male caregivers on a regular basis; 3. advocating "minimum care".

並列關鍵字

disabled elderly ； male caregiver ； nursing care

參考文獻

Adelman, R. D., Tmanova, L. L., Delgado, D., Dion, S., & Lachs, M. S. (2014). Caregiver burden-A clinical review. JAMA, 311(10), 1052–1060. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.304

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