身心中軸覺察與綜合活動訓練增進兒童之執行功能及情緒調節

本論文的主要目的在於檢驗兒童版身心中軸覺察課程與綜合活動課程(活動控制組)各自對於執行功能與情緒調節的改善成效以及兩組改善成效的相互比較，並探討參與者在身體察覺能力與動作能力（精細動作操作控制與動作操作協調）等的個別差異對兩組訓練成效的影響。本論文採用前後測組間設計，將志願參與的兒童在其時間許可內分派至身心中軸組或綜合活動組，在暑期同一時期接受三個半星期十一堂課（三十三小時）的課程。參與者在訓練期前後均接受執行功能(工作記憶、注意力網絡作業)、情緒調節(情緒調節量表、兒童行為檢核表)的測量，以比較此二種訓練在執行功能及情緒調節的改善成效；此外，各組亦在訓練前後接受身體動作能力(精細操作控制、操作協調)及身體覺察(身體覺察量表、心跳偵測作業)的測量，作為探討身體覺察與動作能力上的個別差異對成效的影響。結果發現在兩組各自的訓練效果上，身心中軸組在工作記憶廣度有顯著進步，綜合活動組則在情緒調節各量表分數上有顯著改善；進一步分析發現，綜合活動組在正向及負向情緒調節的改善顯著優於身心中軸組、在憂鬱症狀的改善上有優於身心中軸組的傾向，但兩組在執行功能上沒有差異。身心中軸的訓練成效均會受兒童內感受(覺察度與準確度)及動作能力(精細動作控制與操作協調)的影響，綜合活動的訓練成效則主要受到動作能力(精細動作控制與操作協調)的影響。本論文之貢獻有二：第一，本論文發現兒童在強調向內觀察身體的短期動態身心合一訓練（身心中軸課程）與強調完成外在活動目標的短期身心綜合活動訓練課程對兒童有不同的訓練成效。前者在客觀測量的工作記憶廣度有顯著進步，後者則在父母主觀判斷的情緒表現有所改善。第二、參與者在內感受與動作能力上的個別差異會影響訓練成效。有助於未來進一步瞭解參與者在身心的個別差異條件與訓練課程特性的互動。

關鍵字

身心中軸覺察訓練；綜合活動；執行功能；情緒調節；內感受；精細操作控制；操作協調

並列摘要

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the effectiveness of Body-Mind Axial Awareness for Children (BMAA-C) and the General Activity (GA) on children's executive function and emotional regulation and compare the effectiveness between these two trainings. Moreover, whether and how children's body awareness, fine motor control and manual coordination modulate the training effects were also examined. A mixed designed experiment was adopted with one between participant variable (training group: BMAA-C and GA) and one within participant variable (pre-test and post-test). Both groups were given 11 training sessions (a total of 33 hours) in a month. Participants were assessed with executive functions (working memory capacity and attention network task) and emotion regulation (emotion regulation checklist and child behavior checklist) before and after the training to assess the effectiveness of these two trainings. Additionally, participants' body awareness (Body Awareness Scale and Heart Beat Detection Task) and motor functions (fine motor control and manual coordination) were also measured before and after the training. The result shows BMAA-C group had significantly improvement on working memory capacity, whereas the GA group significantly improved on emotion regulation. Moreover, the comparisons in post-tests showed better emotional regulation for GA group, but no differences in executive functions between two groups. Further analyses revealed that while both interoception and motor ability (fine motor control and manual coordination) moderated effectiveness of BMAA-C, the effectiveness of GA was mainly moderated by motor ability. There are two major contributions of this thesis. Firstly, I found that BMAA-C, as a kind of the movement-based contemplative practice, emphasizing on internal experience, had different effects from the GA, emphasizing on engaging in external activities, in executive functions and emotional regulations. Second, the study shown that participants’ interoception, fine motor control and manual coordination affects the effectiveness of the trainings, respectively. Future studies need to consider individual differences when recruiting participants.

並列關鍵字

Body Mind Axial Awareness practice ； general activity ； executive functions ； emotion regulation ； interoception ； fine motor control ； manual coordination