幼兒執行功能與適應行為之相關研究

本研究旨在瞭解幼兒執行功能與適應行為之關聯性，以就讀臺北市和新北市共3所國小附設公立幼兒園之80名5歲幼兒為研究對象，測量幼兒的非語文能力及其執行功能相關能力表現（工作記憶和抑制能力），另外，亦請幼兒就讀班級的教師共6名，根據平日對於幼兒的瞭解填寫適應行為評量系統教師評量表。研究結果發現幼兒的執行功能（工作記憶、抑制能力）與整體適應行為呈現顯著正相關，與個別的適應行為領域（概念知能、社會知能、實用技巧）亦呈現顯著正相關。後續的迴歸分析進一步指出，工作記憶對於整體適應能力以及個別的適應行為領域（概念知能、社會知能、實用技巧）皆有獨特的變異解釋量；抑制能力對於整體適應行為以及其中兩個適應行為領域（概念知能、實用技巧）也有獨特變異解釋力，但對於社會知能適應行為的變異解釋量則未達顯著。

關鍵字

執行功能；工作記憶；抑制能力；適應行為

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to investigate the link between executive function and adaptive behavior in young children. This study collected data from 80 children aged 5 years old who are enrolled in 3 public kindergartens located in Taipei City and New Taipei City. Children received measures of nonverbal ability and executive funtion (working memory and inhibition). In addition, 6 school teachers of children were asked to fill in the adaptive behavior rating scales based on their daily observation toward children. The restuls show that children's executive function (working memory and inhibition) was significantly and positively correlated with their overall adaptive behavior and the three areas of adaptive behavior (conceptual domain, social domain and practical skills). The subsequent regression analyses indicated that working memory accounted for unique variation of overall adaptive behavior and the three areas of adaptive behavior (conceptual domain, social domain and practical skills). Inhibition was also an independent predictor of the overall adapative behavior and two of three areas of adaptive behavior (conceptual domain and practical skills), but not of the social domain of adaptive behavior.