桌遊媒材運用於團體輔導對國小高年級學童合作行為之行動研究

十二年國民基本教育注重人際關係與團隊合作的素養，人際關係影響學童社會發展與心理健康。研究者的輔導經驗裡，在個案輔導或教師諮詢中，經常協助人際議題的孩子，尤其是高年級學童人際關係發展較為複雜，在協助融入班級更有挑戰。本研究旨在探討國小高年級學童以桌遊媒材運用於團體輔導的合作行為之經驗，以及人際互動之改變歷程。本研究採用桌遊特性運用於團體輔導，並以Kolb的「經驗學習圈」的學習模式，作為研究理論之依據。本研究採取行動研究，研究參與者以六位人際困擾高年級學童，進行每周一次，每次四十五分鐘，為期八次的團體輔導，採質性研究法，研究者透過團體輔導紀錄、觀察員的觀察與回饋、成員訪談及省思札記等方式蒐集資料，進行分析與歸納，本研究結果發現：一、從桌遊規則中建構成員的人際規範，遊戲動機促使成員達成目標。二、桌遊運用於團體輔導能促發成功經驗，提升學生自我效能。三、桌遊中的挫敗經驗，成員能由內而外調整合作行為。四、在桌遊團體輔導中，成員能從正負向人際互動經驗中自我成長。最後根據研究的結果與討論，提出學校輔導實務工作與未來研究作建議。

關鍵字

桌遊；合作行為；人際關係；團體輔導

並列摘要

12-years basic education curriculum emphasize on the literacy of interpersonal relationship and group cooperation, interpersonal relationship in particular been seen as the influence on children social development and mental health. During the past experience of individual counseling or instructor consulting, most challenges came from supporting and instructing senior grade students with complex interpersonal relationship to fit in class group. In this study, the purpose of the course mainly focus on the experience and conversion of cooperation behavior by applying board game for upper grade primary school students. The study was applying group counseling by means of board game, and then be analyzed by Kolb's “experiential learning cycle” as theoretical pattern basis. In this action research, the participants composed by 6 upper grade students with interpersonal relationship barrier; proceeding total 8 times the group counseling activity, 45 minutes at a time, one time per week. Researcher compile and further analyze the students’ reaction by counseling record, observation and feedback from observer. The study results summarize as follow: 1.The motivation of playing game could impel group to achieve target by structuring interpersonal regulation from game rules. 2.The success from board game may stimulate students to enhance self-efficiency. 3.The failure experience might influence students to coordinate cooperation behavior. 4.Participant could self-grow from either positive or negative interaction experience. The last but not the least, all of the results and research outcomes could be the reference and recommendation for other study in the future, and may the researchers and educators afterward have more intensive and valuable aspect based on my study.