台灣原創社會企業的衝突調和─經營模式分析

Conflict Reconciliation of Original Social Enterprise in Taiwan – Analysis of the Business Model

黃佳琳(Chia-Lin Huang)

指導教授 ： 蔡文鈞

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201500760

摘要

現今能兼顧經濟、社會與環境三重底線（triple bottom line）帄衡的社會企業已是中
外政府鼓勵發展的新趨勢。私營企業開始擔負更多的社會責任，非營利組織開始學習主
動創造財源，是社會企業崛貣的脈絡。「原創社會企業」除去了非營利或是純營利企業
慢慢演化為社會企業的演化過程，有明確的社會目的並視為使命，運用創新的商業手法
為其量身打造符合混和價值的經營模式，填補社會需求創造社會價值進入競爭市場，此
種符合三創(創新、創意、創業)精神的原創社會企業也成為台灣政府鼓勵發展的新目標。
原創社會企業是懷抱社會使命創建公司以商業手法實現價值主張，但其經營歷程中
容易因為過度強化社會使命而弱化經濟目標，使公司無法維持有效率的營運機能，不夠
具有市場競爭力而造成營運的窘境，反之，若是一味強調經濟機能而忽視社會使命則容
易偏離創業初衷，無法產生社會價值發揮應有的社會影響力，加上原創社會企業所陎對
的市場相對弱勢且經營資源較不足，創業過程中的經營風險比一般商業創業更高，在經
營過程中為了為兼顧價值主張發揮混和價值追求永續經營的同時，其經營模式勢必也將
陎臨更多的限制與衝突，需要更靈活適性的調整方式因應之。
因此本研究以多扶接送、众社會企業以及大誌雜誌三個不同型態的台灣原創社會企
業做為此次個案研究的對象，採用質性研究的個案研究法，透過與經營者深度訪談的方
式，探討在各自的經營歷程中為了兼顧混合價值目標將會陎臨的挑戰與衝突，又如何透
過經營模式的調和化解衝突達成社會企業的績效目標得以在競爭市場中存續並發揮社
會影響力。
最後透過訪談整理分析得出研究結論，價值主張是原創社會企業堅孚的創業初衷與
目標，因不容調整而易產生營運衝突，例如為實踐價值主張而受限於關注對象的弱勢條
件，將產生資源配置與關鍵流程的衝突々因社會績效評核困難亦易造成成本效益難回應
價值主張的衝突，而以上衝突皆能運用營模式調和化解並達到績效目標。由此可知為了
兼顧混合價值目標對於經營模式所產生的衝突與挑戰雖然無法避免，但原創社會企業仍
能透過經營模式調和衝突化解危機，使組織運作更臻成熟，得以建立組織的應變能力，
增加市場適應性與競爭力，可作為未來原創社會企業新進者經營之參考。

關鍵字

原創社會企業、經營模式、衝突、績效目標

並列摘要

Nowadays, many foreign governments urge to set up social enterprise because they
consider and safeguard the overall economy, society and environment (triple bottom line). In
order to create a “Gung Ho Society”, the private sectors begin to take more social
responsibility and the non-profit organizations start to learn how to explore more sources of
revenue and to make money by themselves actively.
Given the purpose of the survival and the creation of social/economic value, the original
social enterprises with specific social purpose use the newest and innovative business
methods to build a flexible business mode in the competitive market. Instead of the
transformation from non-profit organization (or for-profit company), it is a new way that is
currently promoted by Taiwan government.
The dilemma of original social enterprise is worth-noting. If it strengthens its social
mission excessively, it would weaken the economic goals and the function of company. On
the other hand, if it only strengthens its economic performance without thinking of the social
mission, it will ignore its original intention of the social participation and will not generate
any social impact. Beside, the original enterprise in order to take care of the weak group to
accomplish the purpose of social participation, it will face more conflict and risk than other
normal for-profit companies in the same market.
Hence, three different kinds of original social enterprises in Taiwan (Duofu Care &
Service, OurCityLove Social Enterprise, and the Big Issue Taiwan) are selected to be the
samples of this study. The authors adopt case study method in qualitative research through
in-depth interview with the business owners and operators. The core of the discussion is about
what kind of conflict and limitation will be occurred in their business process, and how they
reconcile the conflicts to reach the performance targets of social enterprise.
In short, three of the findings are noteworthy: First, the value proposition as the original
intention of the social participation, which won’t be changed in any case, may easily cause
limitations in business model; second, in order to take care of weak groups, the original social
enterprise tends to suffer from resources shortage cause conflicts in resources deployment and
critical processes; third, because of the difficulty in measuring social impact, the cost
efficiency of social enterprise is hard to return value proposition, which then cause conflicts
between value proposition and cost efficiency. Given the findings, conflicts in business model
are inevitable, but we can take this opportunity to learn how to resolve the conflicts to reach
performance targets and to reconcile business model. The new social entrepreneurs should
know that all the conflicts will be a good sign to find a right way to build up sustainability,market competitiveness as well as to generate positive social value networks, so as to be a
business model reference for new original social enterprise in the future.
Keywords: Original social enterprise, business model, conflict, performance targets

並列關鍵字

Original social enterprise, business model, conflict, performance targets

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