自我慈悲、自發性自我遠離、反芻與憂鬱之關聯性

The Relationship among Self-Compassion, Spontaneous Self-Distancing, Rumination and Depression

吳佩珊(Pei-Shan Wu)

指導教授 ： 李怡真

中原大學/理學院/心理學研究所/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201700663

摘要

本研究目的在檢驗自我慈悲特質透過苦惱自責式反芻進而影響憂鬱的中介模型，是否會受自發性自我遠離的傾向而調節該中介關係。綜觀過去的研究，自我慈悲特質越高的個體會擁有較少的憂鬱情緒與症狀，並且會透過減少苦惱自責式反芻，進而減少憂鬱症狀，此表示高自我慈悲者較能免於苦惱自責式反芻與憂鬱的困擾，而低自我慈悲者會有較多的苦惱自責式反芻與憂鬱，那是否有其他因素能幫助低自我慈悲者產生較佳的適應結果？研究者認為自我遠離極可能扮演關鍵角色，當個體回憶過去憂鬱經驗時，若能以自我遠離的角度反思，較能重新建構過去負向經驗進而獲得頓悟，使個體擁有較少的苦惱自責式反芻，並伴隨較少的憂鬱情緒，因此本研究探討「自發性自我遠離」在「自我慈悲特質、苦惱自責式反芻與憂鬱症狀之間的關係」所扮演的角色，並推測自發性自我遠離為自我慈悲特質與苦惱自責式反芻之間的調節變項，以及自發性自我遠離和自我慈悲的交互作用會透過苦惱自責式反芻，進而影響憂鬱症狀，形成調節式中介模型。對此，研究者預期低自我慈悲特質者，若能伴隨越高的自發性自我遠離傾向，越能有助於減少苦惱自責式反芻，進而減少憂鬱症狀；另一方面，研究者亦預期高自我慈悲者若能伴隨越高的自發性自我遠離傾向，應當更能發揮自我慈悲的特性，而能減少更多的苦惱自責式反芻，並進一步降低憂鬱症狀。本研究以191名大學生為樣本，以問卷調查法來進行資料收集，研究工具包含「自我慈悲量表」、「中文版反應風格量表修訂短版」、「流行病學中心憂鬱症量表」、「症狀檢核量表–90題修正版的憂鬱分量表」以及「自發性自我遠離的測量」。研究結果顯示：（一）苦惱自責式反芻為自我慈悲特質與憂鬱症狀之間的部分中介變項。（二）自發性自我遠離會調節自我慈悲特質與苦惱自責式反芻之間的關係；並且越高的自我慈悲特質者若能伴隨著越高的自發性自我遠離傾向，會有最少的苦惱自責式反芻，此與研究預期相符。然而，本研究也發現自我慈悲特質越低者若伴隨越高的自發性自我遠離傾向，卻有最多的苦惱自責式反芻，此與研究預期不符。（三）當自我慈悲為獨變項、自發性自我遠離為調節變項、苦惱自責式反芻為中介變項及憂鬱為依變項時，調節式中介模式成立。本研究發現，有助於了解當個體受反芻與憂鬱所困擾時，自我慈悲與自我遠離的不同組合將如何影響之，可作為未來面對類似情況時的介入參考。

關鍵字

自我慈悲 ； 自發性自我遠離 ； 苦惱自責式反芻 ； 憂鬱

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether spontaneous self-distancing would moderate the relationship between self-compassion, brooding rumination and depression. Many studies have shown that self-compassion is negatively associated with depression. Furthermore, brooding rumination is the partial mediator between self-compassion and depression. Those studies indicated that people with higher levels of self-compassion may have fewer brooding rumination and depression. By contrast, people with lower levels of self-compassion may suffer from brooding rumination and depression. The present study considered that self-distancing may benefit people with lower levels of self-compassion. When people analyze emotions surrounding past negative experiences in a more distancing way, this self-distancing perspective can help them reconstruct their experience, promote insight and lead to better outcomes, such as less degree of brooding rumination and depression. Thus, the present study presumed that spontaneous self-distancing may be the moderator between self-compassion and brooding rumination and the moderating effect of spontaneous self-distancing between self-compassion and brooding rumination would influence depression further. Therefore, it was hypothesized that participants who have lower levels self-compassion combined higher levels of spontaneous self-distancing would have less degree of brooding rumination and depression. On the other hand, mindfulness can promote self-kindness and common humanity(Neff, 2003) and the concept of mindfulness is similar with self-distancing (Kross & Ayduk, 2011). Thus, it is hypothesized that participants who has higher levels self-compassion combined higher levels of spontaneous self-distancing would also lead to fewer brooding rumination and depression. This study adopts a cross-sectional design. Participants were 191 undergraduates and were required to complete the questionnaires including Self-Compassion Scale, Response Style Questionnaire- Short-Form Revised, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Depression Subscale of Symptom CheckList-90-Revised and Spontaneous Self-Distancing Assessment. The results showed that: (a) brooding rumination is the partial mediator between self-compassion and depression, (b) spontaneous self-distancing moderates the relationship between self-compassion and brooding rumination and (c) when self-compassion as independent variable, spontaneous self-distancing as moderator, brooding rumination as mediator and depression as dependent variable all entered into moderated mediation model, brooding rumination has moderated mediation effect. Based on above findings, the present research provides possible intervention orientation for people who suffering from brooding rumination and depression.

並列關鍵字

self-compassion ； spontaneous self-distancing ； brooding rumination ； depression

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