正念、自我療癒力與心理適應：自我悲愍與自我貶抑的中介效果

Mindfulness, Self-healing and Psychological Adaptation-The Mediating Effects of Self-compassion and Self-disparagement

賴志超(Chih-Chao Lai) ； 蘇倫慧(Lun-Hui Su)

《中華輔導與諮商學報》 42期 (2015/04) Pp. 93-124

摘要

本研究旨在檢驗自我悲愍與自我貶抑在正念、自我療癒力與正、負向心理適應間的中介效果。本研究以立意取樣調查法，針對中部地區兩所科技大學之學生，共蒐集345份問卷。研究結果發現，女性在「自我悲愍」、自我療癒力的「正念」與「安定」顯著地低於男性，但在「憂鬱情緒」則顯著地高於男性。淨相關分析的結果顯示，自我悲愍與自我貶抑比起正念對心理適應有較大的淨相關。本研究發展的MCA模式能適當的解釋，正念透過自我療癒力的部分中介，預測自我悲愍與自我貶抑。正念透過自我悲愍與自我貶抑的完全中介，預測心理適應。此外，自我悲愍與自我貶抑對於心理適應有不同的預測解釋力。自我悲愍顯著地預測主觀幸福感；自我貶抑顯著地預測常見精神疾病和憂鬱。正念引發自我療癒力、進而提升自我悲愍，是主觀幸福感的來源。華人文化強調嚴以律己，有自我貶抑的傾向，進而引發憂鬱與常見精神疾病。而「恆守正念」可對治自我貶抑。文末，本研究者針對研究結果進行討論並提供建議。最後對研究限制提出說明。

關鍵字

正念 ； 自我貶抑 ； 自我悲愍 ； 自我療癒力 ； 憂鬱

並列摘要

This research aims to investigate the mediating effects of self-compassion and self-disparagement among mindfulness, self-healing and psychological adaptation. The research used a purposive sampling survey method. Participants were 345 students enrolled at two universities located in Midwest Taiwan. The results of the study showed that female participants scored significantly lower on the self-compassion scale and the two subscales of self-healing (mindfulness and calmness) than did those male participants, but female participants also reported higher level of depression than did male participants. Partial analyses revealed that self-compassion and self-disparagement partially correlated with psychological adaptation more than did with mindfulness. The present researchers developed a MCA model and the results showed that the model appropriately explained how mindfulness via self-healing, self-compassion and self-disparagement predicted subjective well-being and psychological adaptation. Self-compassion and self-disparagement were full mediating factors between mindfulness and self-healing as well as psychological adaptation. Self-healing partially mediated between mindfulness and self-compassion as well as self-disparagement. In addition, self-compassion and self-disparagement played differentiated roles in predicting psychological adaption. While self-compassion strongly predicted subjective well-being, self-disparagement strongly predicted depression and common mental disorders. Enhanced self-healing resulted from bare attention (mindfulness) improved self-compassion, which was the source of subjective well-being. As Chinese culture emphasizes self-harshness Chinese people are pronged to engage in self-disparagement, which may lead to depression and common mental disorders. With mindfulness, self-disparagement tendency in Chinese individuals might be alleviated. Discussion and recommendations are presented.

並列關鍵字

depression ； mindfulness ； self-compassion ； self-disparagement ； self-healing

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