文化詞語的轉譯比較分析：以《百年孤寂》的兩本中文譯本對照英譯本及西班牙原文版本為例

翻譯不僅是一種文字轉換語言的活動，更是兩種文化之間的協調交涉 (Trivedi, 2007)。在這過程中，許多困難會發生，尤其當牽涉其中的兩種文化之間存在極大差異時，文化詞語的翻譯往往對譯者來說是艱鉅的挑戰。文化詞語通常關乎某種族群的語言、物品、價值觀或行為。文化詞語的涵義經常隱而未現，只有圈內人(insiders)較能適切理解(Hofstede, Hofstede & Minkov, 2010)。在兩種語言之間翻譯文化詞語已經相當困難，若在轉譯的情況下，亦即在原來的兩種語言外透過另一中介語言翻譯，要產出適切的最終譯文恐怕是難上加難。本研究乃探討文化詞語的轉譯效果，以西班牙文作品《百年孤寂》前七章內容之英文譯本及轉譯自該英文譯本之兩本中文譯本為例。除探討文化詞語的翻譯外，亦分析翻譯過程所使用的翻譯策略與步驟，以及討論轉譯對於中文譯本可能帶來的影響。本論文依照Newmark所提的文化詞語進行選擇與分類，使用Venuti (1995)所提之翻譯策略分類，並以Newmark (1988) 和Aixelá (1996)所提之文化詞語之翻譯步驟進行資料分析。希望透過這個研究能讓讀者更深入了解轉譯如何因中介譯本的關係而流失原文意思。

關鍵字

轉譯；文化詞語；翻譯策略

並列摘要

Translation is an activity that goes beyond the process of transferring words from one language to another. It is a “negotiation between two cultures” (Trivedi, 2007, p. 280). During this process, various obstacles may arise, and it is believed that those involving highly diverse cultures may be particularly challenging. Cultural terms, which cause difficulties to translators, can be known as referring to languages, objects, values, or behaviors of a particular group of people. Oftentimes the underlying meaning of cultural terms is invisible and can be best interpreted by insiders (Hofstede, Hofstede & Minkov, 2010). This is perhaps why the translation of cultural terms can be a tricky task for translators. If cultural terms can pose difficulty in direct translations, they would presumably be more challenging in indirect translations. With the Spanish novel Cien años de soledad as a case study, the present study discusses the indirect translation of cultural terms in the English and two Chinese versions. This research aims to examine the translations of cultural terms, analyze the strategies and procedures used, and discuss the possible effects of indirect translation on the Chinese end products. The cultural terms in this research are chosen and categorized based on Newmark’s (1988) classification, while the strategies and procedures adopted in the data analysis are those proposed by Venuti (1995), Newmark (1988), and Aixelá (1996). It is hoped that this study will shed light on how indirect translations may suffer the loss of the original meanings due to the intermediary translation version.

並列關鍵字

Indirect translation ； cultural terms ； translation strategies

參考文獻

Aixelá, J. F. (1996). Culture-specific items in translation. In R. Álvarez & M. C. Vidal (Eds.), Translation, power, subversion (pp. 52-78). Clevedon; Philadelphia; Adelaide: Multilingual Matters.

Dollerup, C. (2000). "Relay" and "support" translation. In A. Chesterman, N. Gallardo San Salvador, & Y. Gambier (Eds.), Translation in Context: Selected Contributions from the EST Congress, Granada 1998 (Vol. 39, pp. 17-26). Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Fernández Guerra, A. (2012). Translating culture: Problems, strategies and practical realities. A Journal of Literature, Culture and Literary Translation, 1, 1-27.

Gutt, E. (1990). A theoretical account of translation - Without a translation theory. Target, 2(2), 135-164.

Hagfors, I. (2003). The translation of culture-bound elements into Finnish in the post-war period. Meta: Translators' Journal, 48(1-2), 115-127.

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文化詞語的轉譯比較分析：以《百年孤寂》的兩本中文譯本對照英譯本及西班牙原文版本為例

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