氣凝膠陶瓷薄膜改質及其於蛋白液分離濃縮程序應用

花生為一種重要的油料作物，經榨油之後，會產生大量的脫油餅粕，餅粕中含有豐富的蛋白質(約50~60%)，根據文獻指出花生的小分子蛋白具有保濕、抗氧化性等功能，從餅粕中萃取出蛋白質，再經過酵素水解之後，以膜過濾分離純化出小分子蛋白，即可應用於保養品及保健食品方面，可大幅增加花生榨油之後的附加價值。本實驗先利用正己烷進行脫油程序，以0.1M的氫氧化鈉水溶液，萃取出花生蛋白，再將萃取出的花生蛋白液，進行酵素水解蛋白質，獲得大量的小分子蛋白，接著以薄膜過濾的形式，純化分子量小於10kDa的小分子蛋白。本研究利用不同的乾燥技術，製備氣凝膠陶瓷膜，並搭配改質技術，改善膜材表面結垢的問題，期望藉由薄膜分離技術，純化小分子蛋白。經實驗測試後，發現真空乾燥的氣凝膠陶瓷膜較為適合本研究，並利用回應曲面法尋找最佳化的過濾操作參數，發現在進料蛋白濃度為9 g/L，跨膜壓差為20 psi的條件下操作，是最為適合的過濾參數，能獲得最多的小分子蛋白。本研究成功純化小分子蛋白，改進許多量產會遇到的問題，大幅減少操作成本，也提高了花生的附加價值。

關鍵字

小分子蛋白；薄膜分離技術；氣凝膠陶瓷膜；薄膜改質

並列摘要

Peanut is an important oilseed crop. After oil pressing, huge amount of pressed cake was produced which has rich protein content (about 50 ~ 60%). According to the literature, small molecule peanut protein have the functions of moisturizing and antioxidant. The small molecular protein can be separated and purified by membrane separation from the enzymatic hydrolysis protein solution. This kind of small molecular protein can be used for cosmetic and health supplements which can increase the value of whole process. In this experiment the pressed cake was defatted by using n-hexane. 0.1M sodium hydroxide Solution was used to extract the peanut protein. Then use enzymes to hydrolyzed protein to obtain small molecular protein. Finally, use membrane filtration to get small molecular protein under 10kDa. In this study, different drying techniques were used to prepare aerogel ceramic membrane. By using modification technology to improve the fouling problem on the membrane surface. The small molecular protein can be separated and purified by membrane separation. After experiment, the vacuum-dried aerogel ceramic membrane was most suitable for this study. Using the response surface method to find the optimal filtration operating parameters, with feed protein concentration of 9 g/L and transmembrane pressure of 20 psi is the most suitable filtration parameter and can obtain the most small molecules protein. The study results successfully purified small molecular protein, improve many problems encountered in production, reducing operating costs also increase the value of peanuts.