社會支持對外籍勞工海外適應之影響－社會資本理論觀點

Effects of Social Support on Overseas Adjustment for Foreign Workers: The Perspective of Social Capital Theory

桃登誠(DANG THANH DAO)

指導教授 ： 邱雅萍

中原大學/商學院/企業管理研究所/碩士(2019年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201900019

摘要

隨著全球化的時代，愈來愈多人選擇赴海外工作以追求更好的經濟。許多亞洲國家使用外籍勞工作為短期人力來源，其原因在於可以降低人力成本、減少福利以及更有彈性的工時。台灣政府勞動單位自1989年開放外籍勞工以追求經濟成長，主要開放來自越南、印尼、菲律賓、泰國、馬來西亞，以及蒙古的勞工引入。自2001年至2018年間，台灣外籍勞工人數由304605人增加至683387人，人數急遽上升。因為外籍勞工人數增加所引發的社會安全問題、管理問題與外籍勞工海外適應問題，成為台灣政府與企業必須要重視的議題。本研究目的在於以社會資本角度，探討外籍勞工社會支持與海外適應的關係。
本研究已在台灣外籍勞工為研究對象，採用三種語言版本之問卷，包含越南語、泰國語及英語問卷，進行資料蒐集。為避免共同方法偏誤之疑慮，問卷採取二個不同時間點發放，二階段期間大約間隔一個月。最後共回收有效問卷279份。
經過統計分析，實證結果顯示：外籍勞工認知社會支持會正向影響其社會資本獲得部分支持；台灣同事支持對連結型社會資本有正向影響；社會資本對海外適應有正向影響。此外，本研究亦證實社會資本在認知組織支持與海外適應具有中介效果；連結型與橋接型社會資本對同事支持與海外互動適應間具有中介效果。

關鍵字

外籍勞工 ； 認知組織支持 ； 同事支持 ； 社會資本 ； 海外適應

並列摘要

Nowadays, along with globalization and the open economy more and more people chose to work abroad as an opportunity to develop their economy. Some Asian countries are using foreign workers as short-term human resources for several reasons, such as lower wages, fewer fringe benefits, and more flexibility of working hours. Taiwan is one of the nations with large numbers of foreign workers. In 1989, besides Taiwan started thriving economic, the Council of Labor affairs of Taiwan has licensed the use of the foreign workers who coming from many different countries, including Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippine, Thailand, Malaysia, and Mongolia. The number of foreign worker has broken out rapidly year-by-year, and become one of the main resources in Taiwan. From 2001 to 2018, total of foreign worker had increased from 304,605 to 683,387, the rapidly increasing number of foreign workers, all the relevant foreign workers’ safety, management and overseas adjustment appear as important issues. This study examines on the effects of social capital on the relationship between social support and overseas adjustment.

The data is collected by questionnaires with three languages. There are Vietnamese, Thai and English versions. In order to avoid common variance bias, the questionnaire is divided into two parts. Two questionnaires are investigating about one month apart. Then, effective questionnaire is 279.

In conclusion, empirical results show that perceived organizational support has a partial and positive influence on the social capital; Taiwanese coworker support has positive influence on the bonding social capital. Social capital has an influence on overseas adjustment. In addition, it also confirms that the social capital is a mediator in the relationship between the perceived organizational support and overseas adjustment. Finally, the bonding social capital and bridging social capital mediate the relationship between coworker support and interaction adjustment.

並列關鍵字

foreign workers ； perceived organizational support (POS) ； coworker support ； social capital ； overseas adjustment

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