外籍生之社會支持對學習成效影響之研究－海外適應與學校認同之中介效果及文化差異之干擾效果

The Influence of Social Support on Learning Effectiveness for International Students in Taiwan: The Mediating Effects of Overseas Adjustment and School Identification, and Moderating Effect of Cultural Difference

黃貞芬(Chen-Fen Huang)

指導教授 ： 李元墩

共同指導教授 ： 林秋娟(Chiu-Chuan Lin)

長榮大學/管理學院/經營管理研究所/博士(2017年)

摘要

在全球化的時代，各國的外籍留學生已逐年的增加。台灣由於少子化的浪潮，各大學亦廣招外籍生就學，以增加學生來源，至2016年已有外籍學位生人數17,788人，對台灣招收外籍生的政策及未來人口紅利將產生重要影響，然而目前尚未有對外籍生來台之議題作較全面性之研究。
本研究探討台灣外籍生之社會支持對其學習成效之影響及海外適應與學校認同的中介效果及文化差異之干擾效果。本研究採問卷調查法，抽樣時將台灣分成北、中、南、東四區，以分層立意抽樣法，發出書面問卷500份，回收書面有效問卷412份，有效回收率82.4%，另回收有效網路問卷45份，共計457份有效問卷。
回收之問卷數據以Andrew Hayes (2012) 的PROCESS統計分析法，以SPSS 22統計軟體進行直接效果、中介效果、干擾效果、差異分析及敘述性分析等。資料分析結果顯示，外籍生的社會支持對其學習成效有正向顯著影響；而學校認同與海外適應在上述影響關係中有部份中介效果。文化差異在社會支持對學習成效影響關係中有干擾效果。控制變數中僅官方語言對研究各構念皆無顯著差異，其他控制變數則顯示有部份構念之差異情形。
本研究結果可提供我國教育部制定外籍生來台留學政策及因應少子化危機之有效指標。再者，研究結果亦可供國內各大學招收外籍生時之教學與輔導措施的準則，以及外籍生在台灣留學時之學習與生活的參考。

關鍵字

外籍生 ； 社會支持 ； 學習成效 ； 海外適應 ； 學校認同 ； 文化差異

並列摘要

In this era of globalization, the number of international students is increasing all over the world. With the impact of low fertility, Taiwan’s colleges are widely taking in students from abroad. In 2016, there were 17,788 international students island-wide. This situation causes crucial influence on international students recruiting policy and demographic dividend in the future. However, there is not any existing comprehensive study to cover the issue of international students studying in Taiwan.
This study pinpoints the influence of social support on international students’ learning effectiveness in Taiwan, as well as the mediation effect of overseas adjustment and school identification and the moderation effect of cultural difference. We adopt questionnaire survey method in this study, dividing Taiwan into four districts—north, center, south, and east, employing stratified purposive sampling. Having distributed 500 written questionnaires, we collect 421 valid copies, with a valid returned ratio of 82.4%. Valid questionnaire copies accrue to 457 if 45 valid online questionnaire copies are counted.
The collected questionnaire statistics are tested by Andrew Hayes (2012) Process and SPSS 22, going through the analyses of field effect, mediation effect, moderation effect, analysis of variances, and descriptive analysis. Results of data analysis show the following phenomena. The international students’ social support has positively significant influence on their learning effectiveness, which is partly mediated by school identification and overseas adjustment. In the influencing relationship of social support on learning effectiveness, cultural difference has moderation effect. Among the control variables, only official language shows no significant difference in all layers of the study, all the other control variables possessing partial difference.
The results of this study can serve as a valid indicator to our Ministry of Education when drawing up the policy of international students studying in Taiwan and responding to the crisis of low fertility. Moreover, they can also be used as guidelines of teaching and counseling measures to colleges in Taiwan when they recruit international students, as well as a reference of learning and living for the international students staying in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

international students ； social support ； learning effectiveness ； overseas adjustment ； school identification ； cultural difference

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