探討立體顯示下虛實物件的呈現對於相對距離之深度知覺判斷與移動的影響

隨著科技的發展使得硬體設備越趨先進，讓人們對於虛擬實境的要求不僅是要具備真實性，同時也期望能夠提高互動能力，使得擴增實境的應用逐漸崛起。真實物體和虛擬物體共存時，可能會產生的問題是影響真實性和互動性的主要關鍵。因此，本研究的主要目的是調查虛實物件呈現的方式、目標物距離、目標物的相對距離對於深度知覺判斷和移動的影響。研究結果發現兩個目標物都是虛擬球體的場景組合（虛-虛；V-V）對於距離判斷的錯誤率是最高的。第一個目標物為真實球體和第二個目標物為虛擬球體的場景組合（實-虛；R-V）的錯誤率比第一個目標物為虛擬球體和第二個目標物為真實球體的場景組合（虛-實；V-R）高，「虛-虛」、「實-虛」、「虛-實」組合都會隨著目標物的相對距離的增加而增加低估的幅度，且會隨著目標物距離越遠而錯誤率越大。座標點位置的誤差，以Z軸的誤差最大，其結果顯示「實-虛」組合的誤差是最小，而「虛-實」組合的誤差是最大的，且「虛-虛」、「實-虛」、「虛-實」組合都高估實際的座標點位置。「虛-虛」和「虛-實」組合對於Z軸起始座標點之誤差隨著目標物距離的增加，誤差變小。關於Z軸最終座標點位置的誤差結果顯示，「虛-實」組合的誤差是最小，而「虛-虛」組合的誤差最大。「虛-虛」、「實-虛」、和「虛-實」組合，對於Z軸最終座標點位置的誤差，會隨著目標物距離的增加而增加，且也會隨著目標物的相對距離增加而提高誤差。Z軸移動速度會隨著相對距離增加而更快抵達目標。「實-虛」組合的移動速度比「虛-虛」快，且「實-虛」組合的等加速度和等減速度都比「虛-虛」組合快。等加速度會隨著目標物的相對距離增加而增加，而等減速度會隨著目標物距離增加而增加。

關鍵字

虛擬實境；擴增實境；深度知覺；相對距離判斷；動作分析

並列摘要

With the development of technology, hardware equipment and devices become more and more advanced. People now expect that virtual reality technology not only provide the users with virtual world display but also with a real-time interaction. In this case, the applications of augmented reality emerge. When the real object and the virtual object coexist, the perception of reality and its interactivity are the key. As a result, the aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect that the display of real and virtual targets, parallax and the exocentric distances have on the depth perception. The results of the study show that, in exocentric distance judgment, a Virtual-Virtual environment has the highest signed error rate, the signed error rate of Real-Virtual is higher than that of Virtual-Real, and the level of underestimation and the signed error rate of Virtual-Virtual, Real-Virtual, Virtual-Real increase with the enlargement of the exocentric distances of two objects. As for the error of position coordinates, Z-axis has the highest error. The error of first target’s Z-axis coordinate shows that Real-Virtual has the lowest error and the Virtual-Real the highest. Also, Virtual-Virtual, Real-Virtual, Virtual-Real overestimate the actual position coordinates. And the error of Virtual-Virtual and Virtual-Real on the first target’s Z-axis coordinate decreases with the enlargement of distance between the subjects and the object. What’s more, the error of the end of Z-axis shows that Virtual-Real has the lowest error and Virtual-Virtual the highest. Virtual-Virtual, Real-Virtual, Virtual-Real on the error of second target’s Z-axis coordinate will increase with the enlargement of the parallax. The error will also elevate with the enlargement of the exocentric distances between two objects. The hand movement velocity, the linear acceleration and the deceleration of Real-Virtual are larger than those in Virtual-Virtual. The linear acceleration will increase with the enlargement of the exocentric distances. On the other hand, the linear deceleration will increase with the enlargement of the distance of the object.

並列關鍵字

Virtual Reality ； Augmented Reality ； Depth perception ； Exocentric distances ； Kinematic analysis

參考文獻

Armbruster, C., Wolter, M., Kuhlen, T., Spijkers, W., and Fimm, B. (2008). Depth Perception in Virtual Reality: Distance Estimations in Peri- and Extrapersonal Space. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 11(1), 9-15.

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Baños, R. M., Botella, C., Rubió, I., Quero, S., García-Palacios, A., and Alcañiz, M. (2008). Presence and Emotions in Virtual Environments: The Influence of Stereoscopy. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 11(1), 1-8.

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探討立體顯示下虛實物件的呈現對於相對距離之深度知覺判斷與移動的影響

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