- 學位論文
探討永續校園軟體及硬體方面之評估方法－以大溪國中為例－
Evaluation Methods of Educational and Physical Aspects of Sustainable Campus: Taking Dasi Junior High School as the Example
摘要
行政院推動「國民中小學老舊校舍整建計畫」，以解決國民中小學校舍老舊、校園存在的環境問題... 教育部推行永續校園，提出「永續校園推廣計畫」，補助校園內公共工程... 環境教育等相關專業人員，於教育部委託下，展開「綠色學校伙伴網路計畫」，各校登錄後，開始撒種、長葉、成樹、開花、結果、繁殖、蓋起樹屋 ... 內政部建築研究所提出了「綠建築指標」，修法規定建築物必須合乎的環保、省能、生態、健康、減廢標準... 在此時空紋理之下，我們的校園設計該如何因應... 針對桃園縣老舊校舍及校園現存問題，喩肇青老師與戴永禔老師率研究生對縣內48所小學、10所國中、一所高工進行校園問題體檢，就校園、校舍教室、社區、週邊環境、校園資源、社區資源進行問卷調查。本研究整理該調查結果並對大溪國中進行改善研究，找出學校共通問題如積水、蚊蟲、西曬、悶熱、高耗電等。 研究中採用美國加州高效能學校評量法(CHPS，Collaborative of the High Performance School)與我國綠建築指標比較。前者藉簡單的逐項表列強調正確設計施工、管理維修程序，合乎相關標準。後者廣泛涵蓋相關生態、節能、減廢、健康影響因子。從將CHPS應用於大溪國中的結果中，發現大溪國中用電量過高，遮蔭率不足，缺乏能源控制與維護機制等。 再參考英國永續校園自我評量表(S3，Sustainable school self evaluation)及其發展與我國綠色校園自我評量及其發展比較。英國對民主觀念、解決問題的能力、對職業的預備，發展社區等議題似乎顯得更為重視，但在其他方面，如永續改造工程、文化經驗、資源回收、環教材料、及與家長們、社區的結合等，藉參考台灣綠色學校伙伴計畫下各校的提報，發掘出許許多多優秀的實例。而將3S表應用於大溪國中則普遍顯出不足的指數。 本研究嘗試為教育理念與技術應用搭起一座橋樑，以因應現階段的校園建築需要。並藉將評分法應用於大溪國中，提出改善建議：一、與環境呼應－水、山。二、環境教育與責任。三、浮力通風。四、軟質舖面。五、基地綠化計畫。因研究時間有限，本研究後續應將問題與改善方法整理後與學校學生與老師、家長與社區，有活潑的互動，共同發覺問題、解決問題。
並列摘要
Executive Yuan in carrying out “The Renovation plan for the Elementary and Junior High Schools” in order to solve the problems of the old school facilities and which is related to the environment. The Ministry of Education is promoting “Sustainable School Promotion Plan”, and to sponsor the schools for the outdoor public construction. Some environmental professionals is developing “Taiwan Green School Partnership Network” which is under the direction of the Ministry of Education. After joining the partnership, school starts to sow the seed, after germinating, coming into leaf, blossoming, bearing the fruit, multiplying, and then the tree house comes out. The Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior, brought up the “Evaluation of Green Building” and legislate that the designers as well as the builders should confine certain requirements related to environmental protection, energy saving, ecology, health and waste reduction. At present, what is the suitable response when it comes to the school design? Focusing the old school facilities and the existent problems of the schools in Taoyuan County, Professor Chao-Chin Yu and Yeong-Tyi Dai led some students to carry out the “School Heath Survey” among 48 elementary schools, 10 junior high schools, and one industrial high school. The survey involves the following items: school environment, classrooms and buildings, surrounding environment, school resources, and community resources. This research collects, arranges, presents these results, and then makes a further plan for Dasi Junior High School. Among all the objects, we find out the common problems as followed: water drainage, mosquitoes and the insects, sunshine form the west, heat and stuffy air flow, comparatively the high energy consumption, etc. In this research we compare Taiwan “Evaluation of Green Building” (EEWH, Ecology，Energy Saving，Waste Reduction，Health) with the USA California evaluation method, CHPS (Collaborative of the High Performance School). CHPS emphasizes the proper design, construction, and maintenance procedure and observing the related regulation. The EEWH emphasizes the inclusiveness of the ecology, energy savings, waste reduction and heath. After applying CHPS on Dasi Junior High School, we find out that the energy consumption is too high, and the shade is not sufficiently provided, and the energy management and maintenance system is not adequate. We also compare Sustainable School development and the self evaluation between Taiwan and England(S3，Sustainable school self evaluation). England seems to give more emphasis on the democratic issues, the ability to solve the problem, the preparation for the future career, and the community development. However we find out many excellent examples from the Taiwan Green School Partnership Network in the realm of school sustainable renovation, cultural experiences, resources recycling, environmental education materials developed by the teachers, and the coordination with the parents and the community. When S3 evaluation form is applied to Dasi Junior High School, the status shows that in most aspects the school doesn’t have a good achievement. This research tries to make a bridge between the educational aspect with the technical aspect of the sustainable school in order to meet the present need of the school building. Through applying these evaluation forms on the Dasi Junior High School, we bring out the following suggestion: 1. correspondence with the environment-river and mountain 2. environmental education and responsibility 3. flotative ventilation 4. soft surface 5. green site plan. Due to the time limitation, it is suggested that in the following research we can have a mutual design with the school students, teachers, parents, and communities to find out and solve the problems together.