空間形式與尺度對使用者動線選擇之影響
—以VR提示方法為例

文獻指出，當人遇到緊急避難的時候，會直覺式的尋找比較寬敞明亮開放的區域逃生。但這種心理是否在非緊急狀態仍然適用，目前並無相關研究成果。建築師總希望利用空間本身而非指標來順勢引導人們的動線，因此空間的尺度與動線選擇之間的關係，有必要加以釐清。本研究探討當線性空間剖面的高度與寬度發生變化時，對於行人的動線選擇是否會造成影響。同時，在空間中除了尺度本身之外，還有許多因子可能會影響行人動線選擇。如何讓遊走的行人，能更流暢的行走，必須掌握人在空間中選擇動線的心理。因此，本研究探討空間元素及尺度對行人動線選擇的影響。本研究分為二個階段，第一階段，以實地調查真實線性空間作為研究對象，以虛擬實境(VR)模擬的方式重現線性空間場景，改變空間寬度、高度及角度，探討這些因素對動線選擇的影響。第二階段，選擇空間差異最大的尺度作為延伸實驗的樣本，進一步探討照明、牆面色彩、鋪面對動線選擇的影響。本研究結論如下: 1.本研究結果證實了文獻所提的「向開放性」的理論。當寬度增加或高度增加時，選擇人數的百分比皆明顯增加，顯示當線性空間剖面的面積增加時，有助於提升空間的「開放性」，因此選擇的比例也隨之增加。 2.當左右側空間相同時，選擇右側的比例高於左側。其原因推測可能與右撇子較多有關，實際原因仍有待進一步探討。 3.當寬度維持600cm、800cm或1000cm不變而高度由250cm提高至350cm時，動線選擇的百分比皆有明顯的提升。 4.當高度維持250cm或350cm不變而寬度由600cm增加至800cm，800cm增加至1000cm，或600cm增加至1000cm時，動線選擇的百分比皆有明顯的提升。 5.寬高尺寸不變，當轉角角度從90度角改變成45度角時，選擇45度角的比例大多呈現增加的現象，幅度約 2 %~40%。 6.空間的照明、色彩、鋪面，皆會影響行人的動線選擇。一般行人偏好「明亮」的空間與有「色彩」的牆面以及具「引導性」的鋪面。 7.空間大小對於照明、色彩、鋪面具有隱性的影響力，空間尺度越大照明、色彩、鋪面對動線吸引效果的影響力越低，空間尺度越小則照明、色彩、鋪面的影響力越大。

關鍵字

空間尺度；空間感知；虛擬實境；動線選擇；尋路

並列摘要

The literature states that people will intuitively select more capacious, brighter, and more open areas to escape for refuge in case of emergency, yet presently there are scant relevant research results on the applicability of such psychology in a non-emergency circumstance. Architects always hope that people’s movement routes will be guided by the space itself other than indicators. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between spatial size and choice of route. This study discusses whether the change in the height and width of a linear space profile has an impact on pedestrians’ choice of route. As there are many factors other than spatial size that may affect such a choice, people’s psychology in selecting a route must be understood if we want to help walking pedestrians walk more fluidly. Therefore, this study also presents the impacts of spatial elements and size on pedestrians’ choice of route. The study was implemented in 2 phases. In the first phase, a linear space scene was reproduced by virtual reality (VR) simulation means, based on a field survey of a real linear space. Spatial width, height, and angle were changed to discuss the impact of such factors on choice of route. In the second phase, the spatial size of the largest difference was selected as the sample for the extension test, to further discuss the impact of lighting, wall color, and pavement on choice of route. Below are the conclusions of the study. 1.The study’s results confirm the “openness” theory put forward in the literature. When the width or height increases, the percentage of selection (by number of people) increases accordingly, indicating that an increase in the area of the linear space profile will facilitate improving the “openness” of the space. Therefore, the percentage of selection increases accordingly. 2.When the space on the left and the right are the same, the percentage of selection of the space on the right is higher than that of the space on the left. The reason behind it is assumed to be related to a larger group of right-handers. Actual reasons are to be further discussed. 3.When the width is maintained at 600cm, 800cm, or 1000cm while the height increases from 250cm to 350cm, the percentage of a route selection increases significantly. 4.When the height is maintained at 250cm or 350cm while the width increases from 600cm to 800cm, from 800cm to 1,000cm, or from 600cm to 1,000cm, the percentage of a route selection increases significantly. 5.When the width and height remain unchanged, while the corner angle changes from 90 degree to 45 degree, the percentage of selection of a 45 degree-corner increases by approximately 2 % to 40%. 6.Lighting, color, and pavement of space also affect pedestrians’ route choice. Generally, pedestrians prefer a “bright” space and a “color” wall as well as a “guiding” pavement. 7.Spatial size has a hidden influence on lighting, color, and pavement. The larger the spatial size is, the poorer the attraction influences will be for lighting, color, and pavement on a route. The smaller the spatial size is, the greater will be the influences of lighting, color, and pavement.